冠突散囊菌对贵州夏秋茶发花中真菌多样性及品质的影响  

The effects of Eurotium cristatum on fungal diversity and quality during fermentation of summer-autumn tea in Guizhou

作　　者：魏宗游 陆莹霞 杨军成 董旋 赵懿琛 WEI Zongyou;LU Yingxia;YANG Juncheng;DONG Xuan;ZHAO Yichen(College of Tea Science/the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovationin Mountainous Region,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学茶学院,山地植物资源保护与种质创新省部共建教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《生命的化学》2021年第6期1189-1195,共7页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：遵义市科技计划项目[遵市科合支撑NS(2020)25号];贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2020)1Y001号];贵州大学引进人才科研项目[贵大人基合字(2018)0号]。

摘　　要：冠突散囊菌俗称"金花",是黑茶发花过程中的优势菌种,形成了茯砖茶特有的色、香、味品质,是评价茯砖茶品质的重要指标。本研究对贵州九安夏秋黑毛茶接种冠突散囊菌,以未接种的黑毛茶为对照,对茶中的真菌进行分离培养和分子生物学鉴定。同时,对接种和不接种不同时期的黑毛茶中的品质成分茶多酚、氨基酸、黄酮和可溶性糖的含量进行了测定。从接种和未接种冠突散囊菌的黑毛茶中共分离获得278株真菌,经过分子生物学鉴定后分属5属,分别为:曲霉属Aspergillus、拟多毛孢属Colletotrichum、支孢属Cladosporium、Pseudopithomyces、青霉属Penicillium。接种冠突散囊菌的黑毛茶中青霉属菌数量最多,占菌株总数量的44.2%,为优势群类;未接种的黑毛茶中曲霉属菌数最多,占总株数的56%。在接种后20 d歧皱青霉菌和冠突散囊囊菌成为散茶中的优势种群,而在未接种的黑毛茶中以岐皱青霉菌和塔宾曲霉为主。接种和未接种冠突散囊菌的黑毛茶中茶多酚的含量分别从104.09 mg/g降到98.84 mg/g、103.9 mg/g下降到99.38 mg/g;氨基酸含量分别从5.36%下降到4.25%、5.32%下降到4.25%,接种冠突散囊菌的黑毛茶中氨基酸提前4 d降解至最低;可溶性糖含量在接种后8 d由37.5 mg/g轻微升高到38.4 mg/g,未接种茶在发花4 d后显著升高,由38.7 mg/g升高到40.3 mg/g。不论接种和未接种金花菌的散茶黄酮含量均在接种后20 d降至35.56 mg/g和35.54 mg/g。未接种茶的黄酮含量无显著变化,接种金花菌后黑毛茶中的黄酮含量显著升高,但在发花后8~12 d黄酮含量显著下降。Eurotium cristatum, commonly known as “golden flower”, is the dominant fungus in the process of Fuzhuan brick tea, which forms the characteristic color, aroma and flavor qualities of Fuzhuan brick tea and is an important indictor to evaluate the quality of Fuzhuan brick tea. In this study, Eurotium cristatum was inoculated in summer-autumn dark loose tea in Jiuan area of Guizhou Province, and used the uninoculated dark loose tea as the control, then the fungi in the tea were isolated, cultured and identified by molecular biological methods. Meanwhile, the contents of tea polyphenols, amino acids, flavonoids and soluble sugars in dark loose tea inoculation and non-inoculated in different period were determined. A total of 278 strains of fungi were isolated from tea inoculated and non-inoculated with Eurotium cristatum. After molecular biological identification, they are divided into five genera: Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Cladosporium,Pseudopolychumium and Penicillium. Penicillium accounted for 44.2% of the total number of strains and was the dominant group. Aspergillus was the most abundant group in non-inoculated dark loose tea, accounting for 56% of the total number of fungus. At 20 days after inoculation, Penicillium and Eurotium cristatum became the dominant species in dark loose tea, while Penicillium and Aspergillus predominate in non-inoculated dark loose tea. In dark loose tea inoculated and non-inoculated with Eurotium cristatum, the content of tea polyphenol decreased from 104.09 mg/g to 98.84 mg/g, and from 103.9 mg/g to 99.38 mg/g, separately;the content of amino acid decreased from 5.36% to 4.25%, and from 5.32% to 4.25%, respectively;the amino acids in dark loose tea inoculated with Eurotium cristatum degraded to the lowest level 4 days earlier.The content of soluble sugar increased significantly from 37.5 mg/g to 38.4 mg/g 8 days after inoculation,while the content of non-inoculated tea increased significantly from 38.7 mg/g to 40.3 mg/g 4 days after inoculation. The content of flavonoids in

关 键 词：冠突散囊菌 真菌多样性 品质 

分 类 号：TS272[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]