动态助词“来”的历时发展及其衰落动因考察  

The Study on the Diachronic Development and the Reasons for its Decline of the Tense Auxiliary Word lai

作　　者：张言军[1] 宋净净 ZHANG Yanjun;SONG Jingjing(College of Liberal Arts,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳师范学院文学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《信阳师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期124-130,共7页Journal of Xinyang Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(17BYY141);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2017GGJS104)。

摘　　要：古代汉语中,“来”的用法异常复杂,仅其助词属性下就又可以细分出六七种不同的用法,但这些用法大多并未能沿用到现代汉语共同语中,这也包括用作动态助词的“来”。从历时发展来看,动态助词“来”产生之后,在唐五代、宋元、明清三个阶段的使用并未呈现出持续上升的态势,而是在共同语中逐渐衰落了,今天仅在偏南方的一些方言中还有所使用。作为动态助词,“来”的衰落动因是多方面的,既有“来”自身功能负担过重,以及在使用中受限制过多的内因作用,也有系统内部成员竞争的外因作用。In ancient Chinese,the usage of lai is extremely complex.Only under its auxiliary word attribute,it can be subdivided into six or seven different usages.However,most of these usages have not been used in the common modern Chinese,including lai used as tense auxiliary.The survey found that after the emergence of the tense auxiliary word lai,its use did not show a rising trend in the following periods:Tang and Five Dynasties,Song and Yuan Dynasties,Ming and Qing Dynasties.However,it gradually declined in the standard Chinese during the diachronic development.Today,it is only used in some southern dialects.As a tense auxiliary word,there are many reasons for the decline of lai,including not only internal reasons such as the heavy burden of its own function and too many restrictions in its use,but also external reasons such as the competition among members of the system.

关 键 词：动态助词 来 历时发展 衰落动因 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]