章太炎革命时期的儒教思想(1900-1911)  

Zhang Taiyan's Confucian Thought During Revolutionary Period(1900-191l)

作　　者：彭春凌[1] Peng Chunling

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《哲学门》2012年第2期191-221,共31页Beida Journal of Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目的阶段性成果,项目批准号:12CZS042,项目名称:中国近代“国学”构想的建立:章太炎与明治思潮。

摘　　要：近代因基督教的挑战,儒教陷入深度的生存焦虑。章太炎革命时期儒教思想的重心,在以“齐物”的态度,处理儒教与其他各教包括民间信仰的关系。将章太炎的思想转变置入儒教自我认知变迁的历程中考察时,可以说,他某种程度上超越了戊戌时期儒教界整体的激进自卫姿态,回归传统中国以儒为正、儒释道三教互相容受的文明常态。章太炎“齐物平等”的理论总结又并非是对儒教“敷教在宽”传统的简单重提。他在中西学、新旧知之间进行了艰难的择选、汇通,这既包括与同属东亚儒教圈的明治日本思想界交流对话,又意味着重审佛、道经典,以扩充自身的理论资源。而亲身参与革命实践、体验革命动力、思索革命策略,则推动他重新界定儒教的正淫、文野观念。章太炎革命时期的儒教思想拥有深邃的现代性与丰厚的历史性。Because of the challenge from Christianity,Confucian intellectuals felt deep survival crisis in modern China.The focus of Zhang Taiyan's Confucian thought during revolutionary period was to deal with the relationship between Confucianism and other religions with the attitude“leveling all things”.Zhang Taiyan excelled his con-temporaries who attacked other religions heavily in self-defense in Wuxu Period and returned to common status of traditional China that Confucianism was the authorized religion but other religions like Bud-dhism and Taoism were tolerated most of time.This could be revealed when Zhang’s thought was scrutinized into the historical changes of Confucian self cognition.However,Zhang’s theory“leveling all things”was not a simple copy of Confucian tradition treating other reli-gions kindly.He made difficult choices and confluences between Chinese and western academics,old and new knowledge,which meant that he not only communicated with scholars of Meiji Japan,another Eastern Asian country belonging to the Confucian circle,but also re-studied classics about Buddhism and Taoism to improve his theoretical resources.Joining in the late-Qing revolution himself,experiencing the impetus and pondering the policies of that revolution impelled him to redefine Confucian ideas about authorized and unauthorized,civilized and barbaric beliefs.Zhang's Confucian thought during revolutionary period has the character of profound modernity and rich historicity.

关 键 词：章太炎 儒教 明治日本 齐物 革命 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]