台阶短助跑对三级跳远跨步跳起跳腿运动学和肌肉活动的影响  

Effect of Short Approach Run on Steps on Kinematics and Muscle Activity of Takeoff Leg of Step in Triple Jump

作　　者：李志远 陈亮[2] 虞松坤 傅旭波 李玉章[3] 吴叶海 LI Zhiyuan;CHEN Liang;YU Songkun;FU Xubo;LI Yuzhang;WU Yehai(Department of Public Physical and Art Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China;School of PE and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共体育与艺术部,杭州310058 [2]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福州350117 [3]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2021年第4期484-492,共9页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15CTY019)。

摘　　要：目的验证分析台阶短助跑作为三级跳远运动员专项力量训练手段的适宜性和有效性。方法募集6名男子三级跳远运动员,在台阶上进行4步、6步、8步助跑以及在平道进行全程助跑,对比分析各种助跑条件下跨步跳起跳腿动作和表面肌电特征。结果 (1)台阶短助跑起跳时缓冲期和蹬伸期的水平重心速度显著低于平道全程助跑(P<0.01);(2)台阶助跑起跳时着地前50 ms股直肌的RMS值和iEMG值显著低于平道全程(P<0.01),台阶8步助跑时股二头肌在缓冲期RMS值、蹬伸期iEMG值显著高于全程助跑(P<0.01),台阶6步助跑时胫骨前肌在缓冲期RMS值,比目鱼肌在着地阶段的iEMG值显著高于全程助跑(P<0.01);(3)股外侧肌和股内侧肌分别在缓冲期和蹬伸期有着最高的激活贡献率,台阶短助跑可以显著提高其激活贡献率(P<0.01),台阶8步助跑可以显著提高腓肠肌在整个着地阶段的激活贡献率(P<0.01)。结论采用台阶短助跑进行跨步跳起跳练习,可以作为三级跳远专项力量训练手段。台阶4步和6步助跑可以分别显著提高股直肌、胫骨前肌和比目鱼肌的放电量。各种助跑条件下股外侧肌和股内侧肌在跨步跳起跳阶段都起到重要作用。Objective Verify and analyze the suitability and effectiveness of short approach run on steps as a special strength training means for triple jumper.Methods 6 men triple jumper were recruited, take four, six, eight approach run step on steps and the whole approach run on flat road, to compared and analyzed the characteristics of takeoff leg movement and surface electromyography in various approach run conditions.Results(1) the horizontal velocity of center of gravity during downward and push-up phases with short approach run on steps was significantly lower than the whole approach run on flat road(P<0.01);(2) the RMS and iEMG value of rectus femoris(RF) during 50 ms before downward with short approach run on steps was significantly lower than the whole approach run on flat road(P<0.01), the RMS value and the iEMG value of biceps femoris(BF) during downward and push-up with eight approach run on steps was significantly higher than the whole approach run on flat road(P<0.01), the RMS value of tibialis anterior(TA) during downward and the iEMG value of soleus(SL) during takeoff phases with six approach run on steps was higher than the whole approach run on flat road(P<0.01);(3) Vastus Lateralis(VLO) and vastus medialis(VMO) respectively had the highest activation rate of contribution during downward and push-up phases, approach run on steps can significantly increase rate of activation contribution of VLO and VMO,eight approach run on steps can significantly increase rate of activation contribution of medial gastrocnemius(MG)during takeoff phases.Conclusion short approach run on steps can be used as a special strength training method in triple jump.four and six approach run on steps can significantly increased the discharge of rectus femoris(RF), tibialis anterior(TA), soleus(SL).Vastus Lateralis(VLO) and vastus medialis(VMO) play an important role in takeoff of step in various approach run conditions.

关 键 词：台阶短助跑 三级跳远 跨步跳 表面肌电 

分 类 号：G823.480.421[文化科学—体育训练]