人工智能对制造业企业岗位就业的影响研究  

Research on Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment in Manufacturing Sectors

作　　者：李铁宁[1] 刘坤东 刘建江[1,2] Li Tiening;Liu Kundong;Liu Jianjiang

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院 [2]中国世界经济学会

出　　处：《中国人事科学》2021年第8期79-85,共7页Chinese Personnel Science

基　　金：湖南省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度重大项目(课题编号:XJK21ZDWT001)阶段性成果;湖南省2017年教育厅创新平台开放基金项目(课题编号:17CX031)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着人工智能技术在我国各行业,尤其是制造业的发展与应用,人工智能对就业的影响成为学术界讨论的热门话题。现有研究更多从宏观层面探讨了人工智能的应用对社会就业带来的挑战和机遇,而缺少对微观企业内部岗位就业的影响研究。文章选取制造业企业为研究对象,探讨了人工智能对制造业企业内代表性岗位就业的影响。研究表明,人工智能对于制造业企业的岗位就业具有结构性替代效应和创造效应,人工智能结构性替代效应体现在对于制造业不同岗位的替代性存在两极化的特点,且随着人工智能技术的进一步发展有消减的趋势。Along with advancement and application of the artificial intelligence(AI)technology in China’s various industries,especially the manufacturing industry,the impact of artificial intelligence on employment has become a hot topic of discussion in academic circles.Although challenges and opportunities brought by the AI technology to social employment have been explored from a macro level in current researches,its impact on enterprise employment from a micro level is seldom studied.In this paper,manufacturing companies are targeted to study the impact of AI on representative employment opportunities in those companies.The research findings show that AI has both the structural substitution effect and the creation effect on employment opportunities provided by manufacturing enterprises.The structural substitution effect finds its expression in substitution polarization of different jobs in the manufacturing sector,and a tendency of mitigating such polarization along with advancement of the AI technology.

关 键 词：人工智能 制造业企业 岗位就业 

分 类 号：C96[经济管理—人力资源管理]