茯苓采后的加工生产现状调研和优化建议  

Current situation and optimization of the processing of post-harvest Poria cocos

作　　者：徐博 吴翠[1,2] 李卓俊 宋平平 巢志茂 XU Bo;WU Cui;LI Zhuo-jun;SONG Ping-ping;CHAO Zhi-mao(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700;Storage&Packaging Section,Chinese Materia Medica,China Agriculture Research System,Beijing 100700)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]国家中药材产业技术体系贮藏与包装岗位,北京100700

出　　处：《中南药学》2021年第9期1877-1882,共6页Central South Pharmacy

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(No.CARS-21)。

摘　　要：目的调查茯苓采收、初加工、贮藏、包装等环节的生产加工现状,以促进各环节的规范化和标准化。方法通过实地调研茯苓采后的生产现状,探究影响其质量的因素,结合专业知识及文献资料提出改进意见。结果茯苓在采收时应准确判断成熟度,适时采收。初加工方式有发汗、蒸制和趁鲜切制3种方式。现多采用自然晾晒和烘干的方法进行干燥。贮藏过程中易发生受潮、霉变、虫蛀等变质现象。大批量的茯苓以单层或双层塑料编织袋包装最为常见;零售的包装形式有袋装、瓶装等。茯苓在生产过程中存在着采收提前,加工不规范,硫磺、磷化铝过度熏蒸,缺少贮藏与包装的标准操作规范等问题。结论应从各环节、多角度加强对茯苓生产全过程的质量控制,制订标准操作规程,从而保证茯苓药材的质量。Objective To investigate the current status of Poria cocos in harvesting,primary processing,storage,and packaging to promote the standardization of these steps.Methods The current situation of harvesting,primary processing,storage,and packaging of Poria cocos was investigated.Quality-related problems were exposed.Improvements were proposed based on professional knowledge and literature.Results The maturity of Poria cocos should be judged and harvested timely.The primary processing included sweating,steaming,and cutting fresh.Nowadays,sun drying and hot air drying were always used to dry Poria cocos.During storage,it is easily damaged by damp,mildew,and insects.Commonly Poria cocos was packed in single-layer or doublelayer plastic woven bags,and the retail packaging included bags and bottles.However,problems like immature harvesting,nonstandard processing,excessive fumigation of sulfur or aluminum phosphide,and lack of standardized storage and packaging still existed.Conclusion It is impportant to establish the standard quality control of Poria cocos production.

关 键 词：茯苓 采后 初加工 贮藏 包装 调研 

分 类 号：R283[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学]