金人王若虚掊击司马迁《史记》的学术渊源——以班固、刘知几、苏轼、朱熹之批驳《史记》为中心  

The Academic Origin of Wang Ruoxu's Attack on the Historical Records in the Jin Dynasty--Centered on Ban Gu,Liu Zhiji,Su Shi and Zhu Xi's criticism of the Historical Records

作　　者：任竞泽[1,2] Ren Jingze(College of Arts,Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Cultural Resources Development,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院 [2]陕西文化资源开发协同创新中心,西安710119

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2021年第5期47-57,共11页Academic Journal of Jinyang

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“中外史记文学研究资料整理与研究”(项目编号:13&ZD111);国家社科基金后期资助一般项目“中日韩诗话的文体史料与文体观念”(项目编号:19FZWB042);陕西省社会科学基金一般项目“唐代文体批评研究”(项目编号:2018J05)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《史记》作为中国古代史学、文学的经典,虽成就卓绝,但由于政治历史、思想哲学、文学文化等时代背景和立场视域不同,对其攻伐指摘的学者可以说代不乏人,其中以金人王若虚最为犀利辛辣,以致认为司马迁《史记》“以绳准律之,殆百孔千疮”。王若虚掊击迁史有其学术渊源,主要受班固、刘知几、苏轼、朱熹等不喜司马迁《史记》的影响,其特点是继承并融合各家指责迁史之一端而更加不遗余力。我们通过比较诸家不喜迁史之同异以见王若虚掊击迁史在“史记学”史上的关键链条作用,同时结合其学术思想的形成和演变,并放在宋、金、元这一广阔的多朝代多民族思想文化背景中进行透视,深入挖掘其严厉批驳迁史背后的深层原因,当有助于全面观照王若虚在宋、金、元史学史、思想史、批评史及其“史记学”史上的地位和影响。Although Historical Records is a classic of ancient Chinese Historiography and literature,mang scholars criticized it due to different political history,ideological philosophy,literary culture and political perspectives.Among them,Wang Ruoxu in the Jin Dynasty was the most sharp and poignant,he thought that Sima Qian's the Historical Records was"almost a hundred holes and a thousand sores".Wang Ruoxu's attack had its academic origin.It was mainly influenced by Ban Gu,Liu Zhiji,Su Shi,Zhu Xi and so on who did not like the Historical Records.Its characteristic was to inherit and integrate the criticism of each family,and spare no effort.By comparing the difference of the criticism of each family,we can see Wang Ruoxu's role of the key chain in the history of studies of the Historical Records,at the same time,combined with the formation and evolution of his academic thought,by looking at it in the broad ideological and cultural background of multi-dynasties and multi-nationalities,and digging into the deep reasons behind his severe criticism,it was helpful to explore wang Ruo-xu's position and influence in the history of historiography,thought,criticism and studies of the historical records of song,Jin and Yuan dynasties.

关 键 词：王若虚 不喜史记 班固 刘知几 苏轼 朱熹 

分 类 号：I204.1[文学—中国文学]