从重德到重刑——春秋战国到秦朝“水喻”的嬗变  

From Emphasizing Morality to Emphasizing Punishment——The Transmutation of‘Water Metaphor'From Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to Qin Dynasty

作　　者：姜迎 张羽[1] Jiang Ying;Zhang Yu

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院

出　　处：《理论界》2021年第9期57-63,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：“水喻”指古人以水的特征和存在状态为依据,阐发对人类社会的思考。春秋时期孔子、老子“以水喻性”“以水喻德”,阐发君子的道德修养和对社会的认识;战国时孟子、庄子、荀子、墨子的“水喻”中既有对重德内容的延续,也有重刑的萌芽;到秦朝推行水德,实行严刑峻法,“水喻”经历了由重德向重刑的嬗变。这一嬗变过程是循序渐进的,其间《管子》一书把水和冬天与阴联系在一起及商鞅变法的成功,在嬗变过程中起着重要作用。"Water metaphor"refers to the ancient people's thinking on human society based on the characteristics and existing state of water.In the Spring and Autumn period,Confucius and Laozi elucidate the gentleman's moral accomplishment and understanding of society in"match nature with water"and"match morality with water".When the Warring States period,"water metaphor"both continue to emphasize morality and develop to emphasize punishment,in literature of Mencius,Zhuang Zi,Xun Zi and Mo Zi.In the Qin Dynasty,water virtue was implemented,and severe punishment was implemented,and"Water metaphor"experienced the transmutation from emphasizing morality to emphasizing punishment.The process of transmutation was gradual and orderly.Both that water,winter and Yin were linked together in the book Guan Zi,and the success of Shang Yang's reform played an important role in the process of transmutation.

关 键 词：水喻 德刑 秦朝 水德 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]