特长隧道出入口驾驶员生理负荷与行车安全性研究  

Physiological Load and Driving Safety for Drivers at Entrance and Exit of an Extra-Long Tunnel

作　　者：梁波[1,2] 文森 肖尧[1,3] 刘涛 LIANG Bo;WEN Sen;XIAO Yao;LIU Tao(College of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;State Key Laboratory of Mountain and Bridge Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing Rail Transit(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400042,China;Luzhou Traffic Construction Engineering Service Center,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学土木工程学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学省部共建山区桥梁与隧道工程国家重点实验室,重庆400074 [3]重庆市轨道交通(集团)有限公司,重庆400042 [4]泸州市交通建设工程服务中心,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2021年第9期1461-1467,共7页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51678096,51878107)。

摘　　要：为探究驾驶员在特长隧道出入口的生理负荷特性,选择10位驾驶员进行实车试验,利用眼动仪和生理仪采集驾驶员在特长隧道出入口的瞳孔面积、心率和呼吸频率等生理指标数据。将隧道出入口划分为入口内、入口外、出口内和出口外4个区段,并利用单因素方差分析探究各项生理指标在隧道出入口不同区段的差异显著性,进而采用基于熵权法的模糊综合分析法量化不同区段的整体生理负荷大小。结果表明:1)瞳孔面积、心率和呼吸频率3个指标在特长隧道的4个不同区段均具有总体显著性差异,由模糊综合评价得到入口内的整体生理负荷最大,其次是出口内,出口外和入口外的生理负荷均较小;2)驾驶员在特长隧道的暗适应距离大于规范规定的入口段加强照明长度,增大了行车安全风险。A real-life vehicle driving test involving 10 drivers is conducted to study the physiological load characteristics of the drivers when passing through the entrance or exit of an extra-long tunnel.Several physiological indexes,such as the pupil area,heart rate,and respiratory rate of the drivers,are collected using eye trackers and physiological instruments.The entrance and exit of the tunnel are divided into four sections,i.e.the inner and outer sections of the entrance and inner and outer sections of the exit.The single-factor analysis of variance is employed to test the significance of the differences in various physiological indexes of the drivers while passing through the different sections of the entrance and exit of the tunnel.Using the results of the analysis,a fuzzy evaluation scheme based on entropy method is used to quantify the overall physiological load of the drivers when passing through the different sections.Results demonstrate the following:(1)The indexes of the pupil area,heart rate,and respiratory rate of the drivers are all significantly different when the drivers pass through the different sections of the extra-long tunnel.The overall physiological load of the drivers at the inner section of the entrance obtained through the fuzzy evaluation scheme is the largest,followed by that at the inner section of the exit,whereas those at the outer sections of the entrance and exit are relatively small.(2)The drivers' dark adaptation distance in the extra-long tunnel is longer than the length of the threshold zone specified in the code,which decreases driving safety.

关 键 词：特长隧道 出入口 生理负荷 行车安全性 实车试验 

分 类 号：U458[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]