单曲膝行走步态对下肢力学、肌肉力和肌肉激活度的影响  

Effects of single crouch walking gait on the kinetics,muscle force,and muscle activation of the lower extremities

作　　者：王砚麟 王克义[1] 章梓星 马春龙 莫宗骏 WANG Yanlin;WANG Keyi;ZHANG Zixing;MA Chunlong;MO Zongjun(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China;School of Automobile, Harbin Vocational and Technical College, Harbin 150001, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨职业技术学院汽车学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2021年第9期1363-1372,共10页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175006);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2019E032);中央高校基本科研专项资金项目(3072020CF0706).

摘　　要：单曲膝行走步态是人体某一条腿受伤后的主要行走步态,针对目前关于单曲膝行走步态下的下肢运动生物力学特性研究较少的问题,本文对单曲膝行走步态对下肢的运动学、动力学、肌肉力和肌肉激活度的影响进行了研究。利用FAB无线运动动作捕捉系统及力学评估系统采集下肢运动的相关数据,将在正常行走步态和单曲膝行走步态下采集到的数据作为驱动数据输入3-D人体模型,并结合建立的下肢运动学、动力学和肌肉力模型进行分析单曲膝行走步态和正常行走步态下的生物力学特点的差异。研究结果表明:与正常行走步态相比,在单曲膝行走步态下,下肢关节角的运动范围减小;在步态周期的早期,除髋关节屈伸外,各关节的驱动力矩均显着增加;在步态周期的后期,膝关节和踝关节的驱动力矩显着降低,且半膜肌、半腱肌、股二头肌、长内收肌、臀大肌、髂肌、腰肌、股四头肌、股直肌和胫骨前肌的肌肉力和激活度增加明显,但比目鱼肌和胫骨后肌的肌肉力和肌肉激活度减小。研究结果增添了在单曲膝行走步态下下肢的生物特征数据,并为康复医疗技术和下肢康复设备的开发提供了数据。Single crouch walking gait(SCWG)is the main walking gait when one of the legs is injured.To address the problem that little research on the movement biomechanical characteristics(MBC)of the lower extremities under SCWG has been reported,the effect of SCWG on the kinematics,kinetics,muscle force,and muscle activation of the lower extremities is investigated in this study.The FAB wireless motion capture and biomechanics evaluating systems are used to collect relevant MBC data of the lower extremities.The collected data in normal walking gait(NWG)and SCWG were inputted to the 3-D human body model as driving data and combined with the established kinematics,kinetics,and muscle force models of the lower extremities to analyze the differences between MBC of SCWG and that of NWG.The results show that compared with NWG,the movement range of the joint angles of the lower extremities decreases under SCWG.In the early stage of the gait cycle,the driving torques of the joints significantly increase,except for those of the hip flexion/extension.The driving torques of the knee and ankle joints significantly decrease in the late stage of the gait cycle.Moreover,the muscle force and activation of the semimembranosus,semitendinosus,biceps femoris,long adductor,gluteus maximus,iliacus,psoas,quadriceps femoris,rectus femoris,and tibialis anterior increase,whereas the muscle force and activation of the soleus and tibialis posterior decrease.The research results fill in the gap in the MBC data of the lower extremities under SCWG and provide data for rehabilitation medical technology and the development of rehabilitation equipment for the lower extremities.

关 键 词：单曲膝行走步态 运动学 动力学 肌肉力 肌肉激活度 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]