俄罗斯卫国战争爱国主义教育的实践及特征  

Patriotic Education of the Great Patriotic War in Russia: Practice and Characteristics

作　　者：陈余[1] Chen Yu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2021年第5期119-136,共18页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“二战爆发前后苏联政治宣传研究(1933-1945)”(项目批准号:17CSS027)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：普京2000年执政以来,一直重视围绕卫国战争历史记忆构建展开爱国主义教育并取得了良好效果。2018年普京开启了第四个任期,面对国际上新一轮历史虚无主义的挑战,普京政府的卫国战争爱国主义教育实践既体现了国家政策的延续性,又呈现出与以往不同的新特征:官方提前部署、精心策划大型庆典活动;将传统媒体与新媒体相结合,讲述历史,线上线下相结合举办活动;注重歌颂平凡人的爱国精神;尤其重视年轻人的爱国主义教育;加强军队思想教育及精神道德建设,发挥宗教精神引领作用;以共同的历史记忆为纽带,团结维护世界和平的力量。俄罗斯通过再现卫国战争历史符号、历史荣耀的方式不断重复时代记忆,强化国民的历史记忆和国家认同,塑造国民的价值观,激发民众的自豪感和自信心,凝聚民心于当下。Since Putin came to power in 2000,he has attached importance to the construction of patriotic education around the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War and yielded good results.During Putin's fourth term starting in 2018,the practice of patriotic education around the Great Patriotic War in Russia presents some new characteristics that are different from the past:The official pre-arranges and meticulously plans large-scale celebrations,combines traditional media and new media to tell history,holds events both online and offline,focuses on the patriotic spirit of ordinary people,pays particular attention to patriotic education for young people,strengthens ideological and moral education for the military,take advantage of the leading role of religious spirit;use the common historical memory as a link to unite various forces that pursue world peace.By reproducing the historical symbols and historical glory of the Great Patriotic War,Russia strengthens the historical memory and national identity of its people,shapes the values of its people,inspires the pride and self-confidence of its people,and unites the hearts of its people.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 爱国主义教育 卫国战争 历史教科书 青少年 

分 类 号：G13[文化科学] G175.122