论亲属拒证权的双重性质与宪法保障——以《宪法》第49条第1款为中心  

On the Dual Nature of the Right of Relatives to Refuse to Testify and Its Constitutional Guarantee:With a Focus on the First Paragraph of Article 49 of the Constitution

作　　者：李拥军[1] 陈家恩 LI Yong-jun;CHEN Jia-en

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院 [2]吉林大学司法文明协同创新中心,长春130012

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2021年第5期91-101,237,共12页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(17JJD820004)。

摘　　要：忽视宪法在尊重和保障人权上的重要意义,是亲属拒证权不能真正确立的根源之一。因此,采用基本权利的双重性质理论分析亲属拒证权以及在宪法与部门法的交互影响下保障该权利十分必要。作为主观权利的亲属拒证权,根据《中华人民共和国宪法》第49条第1款蕴含的家庭权而成为一项基本权利,它要求“个人得主张”的请求权必须在立法中得到保障,以抵御国家权力对家庭的过度解构。作为客观价值秩序的亲属拒证权内嵌着家价值,以这种价值为基底的亲属拒证权构成了对立法以及司法的价值决定,因而国家负有保障该权利的积极义务。作为基本权利的亲属拒证权应该在刑事立法中得到确认。裁判者也负有在刑事判决的说理部分对相关判决是否符合亲属拒证权的原则和精神做出合宪性解释的宪法义务。Ignoring the importance of the Constitution in respect and protection of human rights is one of the reasons why the right of relatives to refuse to testify cannot be really established.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze this right with the dual nature theory of basic rights and to protect it under the interaction of the Constitution and departmental laws.As a subjective right,it becomes a basic right according to the family right included in the first paragraph of article 49 of the Constitution.It requires that the right of“individual claim”must be guaranteed in legislation to resist the excessive deconstruction of the family by state power.As an objective value order,it has family value embedded.Based on this value,it constitutes the value decision of legislation and judicature,so the state has a positive obligation to protect it.As a basic right,it should be confirmed in criminal legislation.The judge also has the constitutional obligation to make a constitutional interpretation in the reasoning part of the criminal judgment on whether the relevant judgment conforms to the principle and spirit of it.

关 键 词：亲属拒证权 主观权利 客观价值秩序 《宪法》 《刑事诉讼法》 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]