礼的合理性的追问--墨家“新礼学”思想探赜  

On the Rationality of Rites:“New Rites”Thoughts of Mohism

作　　者：盖立涛 GAI Litao

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2021年第5期86-95,198,共11页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“《礼运》篇大同、小康与大顺理想社会研究”(项目编号:20ZXC006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：墨子从平民立场与功利原则出发,对周代礼制和儒家的礼学思想提出了批评。墨子批判周礼,但并没有否定礼的全部功能,他提出了节用、节葬、非乐的思想,以及节用之法和节葬之法。墨子还追溯了丧葬之礼的起源,通过对不同的丧葬之礼的比较,发现其多样性,揭示其相对性,从而消解了传统丧礼和葬礼的神圣性。墨子从仁义价值和功利原则出发,对礼的合理性作出深入考察后,提出了崇俭尚用的“新礼学”。不过,其狭隘的功利主义忽视了人的情感诉求,丧葬之礼的过度节俭化也不利于良好道德习俗的形成,“节葬”主张也未被世人接受,墨家崇俭尚用的“新礼学”思想于是慢慢式微。From the standpoint of civilians and the principle of utilitarianism,Mozi criticized the ritual system in Zhou Dynasty and Confucian Ritual thought.Mozi criticized ritual system in Zhou Dynasty,but he did not deny the full function of the ritual.Mozi put forward the ideas of moderation in use,moderation in funerals,condemning music,and he proposed the way to implement the above three ideas.Mozi also traces the origin of the funeral ceremony.Through the comparison of the funeral rites of different countries,different regions,different eras and different nationalities,the diversity and the relativity of funeral rites is discovered,so that the sacredness of traditional funerals is eliminated.From the idea of benevolence,righteousness and the principle of utilitarianism,Mozi made a deep investigation and reflection on the rationality of rituals,and proposed the"new rituals"which advocates the frugality.However,Mozi’s narrow utilitarianism ignores people’s emotional appeals,and the excessive frugality of funeral rites does not promote the formation of good moral customs.Hence,the"moderation in funerals"is not accepted by the world.The"new rituals"thought of the Mohist worship of frugality is gradually disappear too.

关 键 词：墨家 节用 节葬 新礼学 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]