动物园与水族馆的历史:环境史、科学史与动物史在东亚的联系与比较  

Historical research of zoos and aquariums:connecting and comparing environmental history,history of science and animal history in East Asia

作　　者：陆伊骊 Christine Y.L.Luk

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2021年第3期261-272,296,共13页The World History Review

摘　　要：动物园与水族馆的历史研究在过去20年内大大促进了区域性的动物史研究,尤其是在日本动物史领域。英文学界的动物史研究不但引入全球史和生态环境史的概念和方法,去看待动物、动物与人、非人类的大多数的关系,同时也把科学史领域对场所与博物馆、自然调查与野外探索、展示与藏品等题材的探讨带入动物史研究。中文学界已经熟悉环境史视野下的动物史研究,但对于科学史领域中的动物史研究比较陌生。本文首先选取近年来英文科学史学界有代表性的动物史研究著作,尤其是围绕动物园与水族馆的文献,讨论与动物议题有关的研究回顾和现况,同时把东亚地区的动物园和水族馆经验与欧美的历史经验加以比较。结语部分比较了环境史、科学史和动物史在东亚地区的概况和展望。本文特别关注以动物园和水族馆为案例,尝试跳脱出“唯西方中心的科学观”与“中国中心的历史观”的二元框架的前提下,将环境史、科学史、动物史与欧美以外的区域史有机结合起来。Historical research of zoos and aquariums has greatly advanced our understanding on regional animal history(especially Japanese animal history)in the past twenty years.The English literature of animal history introduces concepts and methods of global history and environmental history to examine the relationships between animalsanimals,animals-people,and non-human animals.At the same time,concepts and tools from the history of science such as the study of places and museums,natural surveys and field explorations,exhibitions and collections were incorporated into the study of animal history.The Chinese academic circle seems to have a certain understanding of animal research from the perspective of environmental history.In contrast,Chinese readers seem to be relatively unfamiliar with the study of animal history from the perspective of the history of science.This article proceeds as such:first,I give a literature review of representative English research writings on animal history,especially those pertaining to zoos and aquariums.The historical experience of zoos and aquariums in East Asia is compared with that of Europe and the United States to highlight both connection and divergence.The conclusion part compares the general situation and prospects of environmental history,history of science and animal history in East Asia.I am particularly concerned about how to use zoos and aquariums as point of reference to promote the organic integration of environmental history,history of science,animal history,as well as regional history outside of Europe and the United States,and try to go beyond the duality of Western-centric views of science and China-centric views of history of Chinese science.

关 键 词：动物园 水族馆 野外调查站 生物史 自然史 动物史 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]