民事诉讼中具体化责任的转移:法理、条件与程度  

Shifting of the Burden of Specific Allegation in Civil Procedure:Theory,Constituent and Extent

作　　者：周翠[1] ZHOU Cui

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2021年第5期98-113,共16页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：具体化责任转移,是指在满足一定条件后,将对事实主张的具体化责任从负担证明责任的当事人处转移至对方,其法理基础是真实完整陈述义务。具体化责任转移的目的在于消弭因双方当事人的信息来源存在巨大落差而导致的证明困难,既不导致证明责任或举证责任倒置,也未改变传统的攻击与防御手段。我国未来可借助比较法经验,引入具体化责任转移之概念,统一适用条件为负担证明责任的当事人无能力获取信息且积极主张、不负证明责任当事人可被期待具体化主张,明确不负证明责任的当事人的具体化责任与普遍的阐明义务之区别,并根据个案判断不负证明责任的当事人是否满足积极查证要求及其可以简单争辩的情形,细化拟制自认的成立条件。The shifting of the burden of specific allegation means that,under certain circumstances,the burden of specific allegation shifts from the party who has originally taken it to the other party.This shifting is based on the duty of truthful and complete statement and aims at overcoming the evidence-producing difficulty resulting from a huge information gap regarding the case between the two parties.This shifting will not lead to the reversion of burden of proof and can be separated from the burden of allegation.The concept of shifting of the burden of specific allegation has been recognized in the judicial practice in China and is conducive to improving the fiction admission system.The condition for applying this shifting should be unified as the following:the party who takes the burden of proof is unable to obtain the necessary information to support his case;and the other party can be expected to take the burden of specific allegation.Meanwhile,the burden of specific allegation of the party who takes no burden of proof should not be confused with the general obligation of clarification.The condition of fiction admission should be specified through deciding whether the party without burden of proof has investigated the facts to his best and whether permits him to argue simply in special circumstances.

关 键 词：主张具体化 附理由的否认 拟制自认 真实陈述 普遍阐明义务 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]