士志于学:从《论语》看少年立志与个体成人  

Determining to Devote Oneself to Learning:From Children’s Pursuit of Ambitions to Individuals’Development of Virtue Based on the Analects of Confucius

作　　者：刘铁芳 Liu Tiefang(the School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《教育研究》2021年第9期24-38,共15页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学一般课题“青少年成长中的价值涵养与中国少年培育体系的建构”(课题批准号:BEA210112)的研究成果。

摘　　要：个体成人,首在立志。少年立志于学,乃是个体成人的基础性生命结构,个体成人的关键是在志的萌发与学的支撑之中带出个体志于为仁、以道成人的人生姿态。孔子和弟子共同述志的过程,呈现孔子及其弟子的不同志向与其间隐含的志的层次性,这提示我们个体德性发展的阶段性与不同类型。个体德性发展的基本路径乃是缘礼入仁,内在依据则是修己以敬。孔子和弟子相与论志、愤悱启发,显明师生彼此间的开放与融通,由此而形成代际德性的互染与共进。孔子施教的基本路径就是在个体人生之志的发动、甄定与彼此激励的过程中,带出个体仁智合一的德性境界。An individual’s growth relies first on his pursuit of certain ambitions.A child’s devotion to learning is the basic life structure of an individual’s development of virtue,of which the key is to establish the ambitions of benevolence and Taoism in his lifestyle with the support of learning.Confucius’sharing ambitions with his disciples presented their ambitions at different levels,which hint the stages and types of the development of an individual’s virtue.The basic path of the development of an individual’s virtue is to pursue benevolence through rites,and the internal basis is to practice self-respect.Confucius and his disciples discussed ambitions and inspired each other,which showed their openness and mutual accommodation,and developed the intergenerational virtues between Confucius and his disciples.The basic path of Confucius’teaching was to develop the virtue integrating an individual’s benevolence and intelligence in the process of germinating and establishing ambitions and inspiring each other.

关 键 词：《论语》 德性教化 个体成人 立志于学 

分 类 号：G41[文化科学—教育学]