长期居家学习期间儿童和青少年心理行为问题的研究  

Psychological and behavioral functioning of children and adolescents during long-term home-schooling

作　　者：王琳 郝燕[2] 陈立[3] 章依文[4] 邓红珠 柯晓燕[6] 王建红[1] 李斐[7] 侯燕 谢向辉 许琪 王曦 关宏岩[10] 王伟杰 沈剑娜[12] 李锋 钱英[14] 张丽丽[1] 石鑫淼 田宇 金春华[1] 刘晓莉 李廷玉[3] Wang Lin;Hao Yan;Chen Li;Zhang Yiwen;Deng Hongzhu;Ke Xiaoyan;Wang Jianhong;Li Fei;Hou Yan;Xie Xianghui;Xu Qi;Wang Xi;Guan Hongyan;Wang Weijie;Shen Jianna;Li Feng;Qian Ying;Zhang Lili;Shi Xinmiao;Tian Yu;Jin Chunhua;Liu Xiaoli;Li Tingyu(Department of Child Health Care,Children's Hospital,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing 100020,China;Department of Child Health Care,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China;National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400014,China;Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200127,China;Child Developmental&Behavioral Center,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Child Mental Health Research Center,Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China;Department of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics,Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200092,China;department of Biostatistics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Department of Surgery,Children's Hospital,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing 100020,China;Department of Early Childhood Development,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing 100020,China;Teacher Development Center,Shanghai Pudong Institute of Education Development,Shanghai 200127,China;Institute of Primary Education,Chongqing Educational Science Research Academy,Chongqing 400015,China;Department of Pediatrics,Jiangjin Centre Hospital,Chongqing 402260,China;Peking University Sixth Hospital,Peking University Institute of Mental Health,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health(Peking University),Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院保健科,北京100020 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿童保健科,武汉430030 [3]国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科,重庆400014 [4]上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心发育行为儿科,上海200127 [5]中山大学附属第三医院儿童发育行为中心,广州510630 [6]南京医科大学附属脑科医院南京儿童心理卫生研究中心,南京210029 [7]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院发育行为儿童保健科,上海200092 [8]北京大学生物统计系,北京100871 [9]首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院外科,北京100020 [10]首都儿科研究所儿童早期发展中心,北京100020 [11]上海浦东教育发展研究院教师发展中心,上海200127 [12]重庆市教育科学研究院初等教育研究所,重庆400015 [13]重庆市江津区中心医院,重庆402260 [14]北京大学第六医院,北京大学精神卫生研究所,国家精神心理疾病研究中心,国家卫生健康委员会精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2021年第9期1059-1066,共8页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用示范项目社会民生类重点研发项目(cstc2018jscx-mszdX0023);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0217);北京市属医学科研院所公益发展改革试点项目(BMR2019-11);首都卫生发展科研专项(2020-2-2104);首都儿科研究所所级基金(FX-2019-06,QN-2020-08,LCPY-2021-11)。

摘　　要：目的研究新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行期间长期居家学习的不同年龄和性别儿童青少年的心理行为问题特点及影响因素,为今后进行更有针对性的心理干预和社会支持提供科学依据。方法横断面研究。采用网络问卷调查的方式,对我国的地理区域北部(北京)、东部(上海)、西部(重庆)、南部(广州)和中部(武汉)的5个不同地域的代表性城市中6~16岁儿童和青少年在长期居家学习期间的社会行为和心理问题进行多维度调查,以任一维度阳性作为存在心理行为问题,采用Logistic回归分析心理行为问题的危险因素,并对混杂因素进行逐级校正。结果共收到有效问卷6906份。其中男3592人、女3314人,6~11岁组3626人,12~16岁组3280人。心理行为问题的总阳性检出率为13.0%(900/6906),男童为9.6%(344/3592)、女童为16.8%(556/3314);其中6~11岁组男童为7.3%(142/1946)、女童为14.0%(235/1680);12~16岁组男童为12.3%(202/1646)、女童为19.6%(321/1634)。心理行为问题阳性组在性别、亲子冲突、好朋友数量、家庭收入变化、久坐时间、家庭作业时间、屏幕暴露时间、体育活动时间、饮食问题(χ^(2)=78.851、285.264、52.839、26.284、22.778、11.024、10.688、36.814、70.982,均P<0.001)等方面与阴性组间存在明显差异。不同年龄和性别儿童与青少年组心理行为问题表现不同,6~11岁男孩为强迫性、分裂样和抑郁;6~11岁女孩为分裂强迫、多动和社交退缩;12~16岁男孩为多动、强迫性和攻击性;12~16岁女孩为分裂样、焦虑强迫和抑郁退缩。多因素校正及分析发现,不同年龄组除了共性的风险因素外,作业时间、网课时间是6~11岁组的危险因素[男童OR(95%CI)分别为1.750(1.32~2.32)、1.214(1.00~1.47),女童OR(95%CI)分别为1.579(1.25~1.99)、1.222(1.05~1.42),P均<0.05],电子游戏时间是12~16岁组的危险因素[男童OR(95%CI)为2.237(1.60~3.13),女童OR(95%CI)为1.272(1.00~1.61),P均<0.05]�Objective To study the characteristics and risk factors of psychological and behavioral problems of children and adolescents of different ages and genders in long-term home-schooling during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.Further,to provide scientific basis for more targeted psychological intervention and coping strategies in the future.Methods A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted on students aged 6-16 years old in five representative cities of North(Beijing),East(Shanghai),West(Chongqing),South(Guangzhou)and Middle(Wuhan)in China.In this study,the social behavior and psychological abnormalities which was defined as the positive of any dimension were investigated in multiple dimensions during long-term home-schooling.The influencing factors of psycho-behavioral problems were analyzed by Logistic regression,and the confounding factors were corrected with graded multivariable adjustment.Results A total of 6906 valid questionnaires were collected including 3592 boys and 3314 girls,of whom 3626 were children(6-11 years old)and 3280 were adolescents(12-16 years old).The positive detection rate of psychosocial-behavioral problems were 13.0%(900/6906)totally,9.6%(344/3592)in boys and 16.8%(556/3314)in girls respectively,and 7.3%(142/1946)in boys aged 6-11,14.0%(235/1680)in girls aged 6-11,12.3%(202/1646)in boys aged 12-16,19.6%(321/1634)in girls aged 12-16 respectively.There were significant differences between the psychological problems group and the non-psychological problems group in gender,parent-offspring conflict,number of close friends,family income change,sedentary time,homework time,screen exposure time,physical activity,dietary problems(χ²=78.851,285.264,52.839,26.284,22.778,11.024,10.688,36.814,70.982,all P<0.01).The most common symptoms in boys aged 6-11 years were compulsive activity,schizoid and depression,in girls aged 6-11 years were schizoid/compulsive activity,hyperactivity and social withdrawal,in boys aged 12-16 years were hyperactivity,compulsive activity and

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 儿童 青少年 心理行为问题 居家学习 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]