大型货车功重比对高速公路连续下坡路段交通安全性的影响  

Influence of Power-weight Ratio of Large Truck on Traffic Safety of Continuous Downhill Section of Expressway

作　　者：林宣财[1] 张旭丰 王佐[1] 吴善根[1] 李涛[1] LIN Xuan-cai;ZHANG Xu-feng;WANG Zuo;WU Shan-gen;LI Tao(CCCC First Highway Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an Shaanxi 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2021年第9期98-104,共7页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：中交科技基金项目[2018]05号。

摘　　要：我国目前货运主导型车辆为六轴铰接列车,满载时其功重比为5.2 kW/t,美国AASHTO规范给出的货运主导车型功重比为8.3 kW/t,相比明显偏低,针对该问题的可能解决方案开展调查研究。通过对货车超载、大型货车占比及装载率分别对高速公路连续长大纵坡路段交通安全性影响的调查分析,认为货车功重比偏低是交通事故多发的主要诱因;同时根据京昆高速公路某段车辆载重分布分析可知,在六轴半挂车中不仅没有满载,而且最大装载为40 t,多数车辆满载率仅为60%~80%,相当于六轴半挂车功重比提高20%以上,货车功重比基本上达到7.0 kW/t,这是该段连续长大纵坡路段交通事故率较低的主要原因之一。研究表明:随着我国汽车整体性能的不断提高和将来车辆核载管控规定的完善,我国货车功重比将会实现达到8.0 kW/t以上的目标,那时就能适应较大连续坡长相应的平均纵坡要求;高速公路连续长大纵坡路段平均纵坡掌握应综合考虑工程造价及汽车整体性能的提升。At present, China’s leading trucks are 6-axle articulated train with power-weight ratio of 5.2 kW/t when fully loaded, which is significantly lower than that of 8.3 kW/t given by American AASHTO specification. The possible solutions to this problem is investigated and studied. Through the investigation and analysis of the influence of truck overloading, the proportion of large trucks and the loading rate on the traffic safety of the continuous longitudinal slope section on expressway, it is considered that the low power-weight ratio of trucks is the main cause of traffic accidents. According to the analysis of vehicle load distribution in a section of Beijing-Kunming expressway, the 6-axle semi-trailers are not fully loaded, and the maximum load is 40 t, and the full load rate of most vehicles is only 60%-80%, which is equivalent to the increase of power-weight ratio of 6-axle semi-trailer by more than 20%, and the power-weight ratio of trucks basically reaches 7.0 kW/t, this is one of the main reasons for the low traffic accident rate of the continuous longitudinal slope section. The result shows that(1) with the continuous improvement of the overall performance of China’s vehicles and the improvement of the regulations on vehicle load checking and control in the future, the power-weight ratio of China’s trucks will reach the target of more than 8.0 kW/t, it will be able to adapt to the requirements of the average longitudinal slope corresponding to the long continuous slope length at that time;(2) in order to master the average longitudinal slope of continuous longitudinal slope section of expressway, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the improvement of project cost and overall performance of vehicles.

关 键 词：交通安全 货车功重比 连续长大纵坡 汽车整体性能 交通管控 

分 类 号：U412.33[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]