美国“在家上学”法律问题及其争议——兼论父母教育选择权的社会文化与法律制度基础  

Legal Issues on"Homeschooling"in America:The Social Culture and Legal Institution Base for Parental Rights of Educational Option

作　　者：刘晓巍 LIU Xiaowei(School of Teacher Education,Dali University,Dali Yunnan 671003)

机构地区：[1]大理大学教师教育学院,云南大理671003

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2021年第10期29-37,共9页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：云南省省院省校教育合作人文社科研究项目“类型学视野下云南少数民族基础教育发展研究”(项目编号:SYSX201913)。

摘　　要：作为"在家上学"最为普遍的国家之一,美国"在家上学"的发展全过程与相关法律议题的争论一直紧密联系在一起。"在家上学"的支持者视教育选择权为父母的一项基本权利,政府官员则以"政府监护权"为法理依据坚持对其监管的合法性与合理性。由于双方都可以在美国社会文化及其法律背景中找到支持其基本观点的依据,美国联邦法院的法官就必须在保障"基本权利"、宗教信仰自由等法律原则和多样的法律技术间小心地判断、评估和取舍。随着美国联邦政府、各州支持"在家上学"的立法,对"在家上学"的法律规制日趋宽松,但如何面对和处理儿童可能面临的宗教狭隘性问题、被忽视和被虐待问题以及使用公共教育资源问题仍然充满争议。As one of most common"homeschooling"country,the development of"homeschooling"in America is combined with the legal issues and conflicts all the time.The"homeschooling"advocacy insist the"fundamental"parental right to educate their children and the government refuse to do so without censorship and regulation based on"Parens Patriae".Both of them could find ideas and evidences in its history and culture to support their view.Thus,the judges of federal courts have to deliberately balance the multiple legal principles and techniques.With the legislation of"homeschooling",the states gradually deregulated the practice.But,there are still other problems confront with legal struggles,such as the intolerance of religion family,the probability of child abuse and the accessing public school resources.

关 键 词：在家上学 家庭教育权 教育选择权 政府监护权 

分 类 号：G632.42[文化科学—教育学]