新时代加强与改进中国学校体育的目标与策略——对2007年以来7个关于学校体育工作重要文件的分析与比较  

On the Goals and Strategies of Strengthening and Improving China’s School Physical Education in the New Era——Based on the Analysis and Comparison of Seven Important Documents on School Physical Education Issued Since 2007

作　　者：毛振明[1,2] 丁天翠 蔺晓雨 MAO Zhen-ming;DING Tian-cui;LIN Xiao-yu(College of PE and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Zhongyuan Wushu Research Institute,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,Henan China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [2]河南大学中原武术研究院,河南郑州475001 [3]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2021年第9期2-12,共11页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“基于精准测量、精准分析、精准干预工作大幅提升中国学生体质的实验研究”(项目编号:19ATY009)。

摘　　要：为探索新时代中国学校体育的发展目标与策略,分析与领会国家对学校体育的相关需要及要求至关重要。基于这一认识,研究梳理了2007年以来党和国家颁布的7个与学校体育有关的重要文件,对其中关于增强学生体质、掌握运动技能、体育师资队伍建设、改善学校体育条件、学校体育评价的策略5个维度的目标及其变化情况进行了纵向比较与分析。研究发现:1)迄今为止,学校体育的各项目标缺乏连续性和体系化,且目标设置难易变化较大,导致所设目标或无法完成或无法判断是否完成;2)目标有低级重复现象,引发基层出现“文件很多、大同小异、缺乏新意”的议论,以及学校体育存在的问题清晰,但解决问题的方法与措施较为欠缺的现象;3)文件普遍存在注重强调“应该做什么”的要求,而忽视“如何去做”的指导,对有新内容、新方法的“改革工程”和“促进计划”有效跟进不足;4)目标设计缺乏像国家扶贫工作那样“精准性”和“底线思维”;5)学校体育改革的策略中尚缺乏激励干劲的目标、缺乏具有清晰脉络的“路线图”及督促评价工作进展情况的“时间表”。研究建议:新时代的学校体育要“锚定”《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中最为清晰的5项任务,以《关于全面加强和改进新时代学校体育工作的意见》提出的“改革创新,面向未来;补齐短板,特色发展;凝心聚力,协同育人”为推进新时代学校体育工作的“总方针”,站在“立德树人”的高度科学制定学校体育发展目标,设计富有创新性和实效性的学校体育改革与发展方案,用“底线思维”和“补齐短板意识”精准推进学校体育各项工作的改革与发展。In order to explore the development goals and strategies of China’s school physical education in the new era,it is very important to analyze and understand the relevant needs and requirements of the state for school physical education.Based on this understanding,this study sorts out seven important documents related to school physical education issued by the CPC and the state since 2007,and makes a longitudinal comparison and analysis on the five aspects of the goals and their changes,such as strengthening students’physical fitness,acquiring sporting skills,developing physical education teachers,improving school physical education conditions,and strategies for school physical education evaluation.The study finds:1)so far,the goals for school physical are not consistent and systematic,and the difficulty of setting the goals varies greatly,which leads to the failure of attaining the goals or the inability to judge whether they are attained or not;2)many goals are simply repeatedly set without a good reason,which is why there are“many documents with similarities and few differences without new ideas”.It is also why problems in school physical education are clear,but solutions are lacking;3)the documents generally emphasize the requirements for“what should be done”,but provide few guidance on“how to do it”,and effective followup action on“reform projects”and“promotion plans”with new content and new methods are insufficient;4)the goal setting lacks“precision”and“bottom-line thinking”like those embodied in national poverty alleviation.School physical education should also have its specific standards;5)the school physical education reform strategy still lacks goals for motivation,a clear“road map”and a“timetable”for supervising and evaluating the progress of work.It is suggested that school physical education in the new era should“target”the five clearly stated tasks in the“Healthy China 2030”program outline,and the“general policy”for advancing school physical educatio

关 键 词：新时代 学校体育 运动技能 教师队伍 学校体育条件 学校体育评价 

分 类 号：G812.0[文化科学—体育学]