印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》在中国藏族地区的译介与接受  

The Translation and Reception of the Indian Epic Mahabharata in Tibetan Areas of China

作　　者：黄佳瞳 增宝当周 HUANG Jiatong;ZENG Baodangzhou

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院南亚系 [2]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2021年第5期125-141,157,158,共19页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》自吐蕃时期传入中国藏族地区以来,曾以佛教赞诗、格言、诗歌、散文注释等形式出现在不同类型的文学作品之中。在中国藏族地区独特的历史语境和文化氛围下,通过不同藏族作者的翻译与改写,摩诃故事逐渐融入藏族文学发展史中,演变为具有"藏文化特色"的经典故事。《殊胜赞》《胜天赞》及其注释是摩诃故事在已知藏文文献中的最早记载,打开了藏族人民了解印度史诗的最初窗口;随着佛教在中国藏族地区的再度复兴,部分藏族史书将摩诃故事迦尔纳的出生情节"挪用"到第一代藏王的身世建构之中,推动了聂赤赞普"印度出身说"在藏族历史书写中的流行;格言诗集方面,萨迦班智达在《萨迦格言》中首次将印度史诗与藏族格言体裁相结合,成为摩诃故事在藏族文学发展中的新形式;《诗镜》自13世纪传入中国藏族地区后,对藏族文学理论和文学创作产生深刻影响,其广泛传播无形中助力了摩诃故事的流传;进入20世纪以来,中国藏族地区出现了不同类型的摩诃故事:根敦群培译《薄伽梵歌》集中体现了摩诃故事的思想精髓,为当时的藏族人民了解印度及印度教思想提供了重要参考;拉敏·益西楚臣著《般度五子传》全文以诗体形式写成,体现了藏族作家的创造性,是近代藏族文学作品中的典范。Since the Indian epic Mahabharata was introduced to the Tibetan areas of China during the Tubo Period,it has appeared in various literary forms such as Buddhist hymn,aphorism,poetry,and prose annotation.Under the unique historical context and cultural atmosphere of Tibetan areas,through translation and rewriting by different Tibetan authors,Mahabharata has gradually been integrated into the development history of Tibetan literature and evolved into the story with"Tibetan cultural characteristics".As the earliest records of Mahabharata in known Tibetan documents,Khyad Par Du’phags Pa’i Bstod Pa and Lha Las Phul Du Byung Bar Bstod Pa and their annotations opened the first window for Tibetan people to understand Indian epics.With the revival of Buddhism in Tibetan areas,some Tibetan history books"appropriated"the birth plot of Karna into the identity construction of the first Tibetan king,which promoted the popularity of Gnya’khri Btsanpo’s"Indian origin theory"in Tibetan history writing.In terms of aphorism,Saskya Panchen combined the Indian epic with the Tibetan aphorism genre for the first time in Sa Skya Legs bshad.Since the introduction of Kavyadarsa to Tibetan areas in the 13 th century,it has had a profound impact on Tibetan literary theories and writings,and its widespread influence also helped the dissemination of Mahabharata invisibly.

关 键 词：《摩诃婆罗多》 中国藏族地区 译介 接受 藏族文学 

分 类 号：I046[文学—文学理论] H059[语言文字—语言学]