从概念极性与信息结构看“怀疑”的义项分布及意义识解  

On the Distribution and Meaning Construal of Huaiyi(怀疑)Under the Theory of Information Structure and Conceptual Polarity

作　　者：刘彬 袁毓林[3] LIU Bin;YUAN Yulin(Research Center for Language and Language Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Faculty of Arts and Humanities,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China;Department of Chinese Language and Literature/Center for Chinese Linguistics/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]澳门大学人文学院,澳门氹仔999078 [3]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心/计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《外国语》2021年第5期13-21,共9页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目(19YJC740033);澳门大学研究委员会立项课题(MYRG2018-00201-FAH)。

摘　　要：本文主要从概念极性与信息结构理论出发,揭示"怀疑"句的信息结构特点与"怀疑"的义项分布及其意义识解间的互动关联。文章首先通过利用疑问代词提问、添加同指性成分等方法,指出并验证了"怀疑"句的信息结构特点可以影响和制约"怀疑"的义项分布,表现为:与定指的、具有高可及性的对象(旧信息)搭配的是怀疑1,该对象可以用"什么/谁"进行提问,其后可添加同指性成分;而与听话人未知的、具有陈述性的可能性状态(新信息)搭配的怀疑2,该信息可以用"(会)怎么样"进行提问,其后不可添加同指性成分。文章还指出"怀疑"句的这种信息结构特点,往往会制约并促使听话人采用"疑实信虚"的原则来识解"怀疑"的两种不同意义。这种基于概念极性的"疑实信虚"等规约性语用原则对于识解"怀疑"的意义具有显著效果。并且,结合信息结构的视角,从"疑实信虚"原则出发,还可以更好地解释和说明"怀疑"句的英汉互译及前人研究中存在的疑难问题等一系列相关现象。Based on the theory of conceptual polarity and information structure, this paper reveals the interactive relationship between the information structure characteristics of "huaiyi(怀疑)" sentences and the sense distribution of "huaiyi", together with its meaning construal.Firstly, by using interrogative pronouns to ask questions and adding synonymic components, this paper points out and verifies that the information structure characteristics of "huaiyi" sentences can often influence and restrict the sense distribution of "huaiyi", which is manifested as, "huaiyi1" matched with the definite and highly accessible object(old information), which can be asked with "shenme(什么)" or "shui(谁)" and then add synonymic components;However, "huaiyi2" matched with the unknown, declarative possible state(new information),which can only be asked with "zenmeyang(怎么样)", and no synonymic component can be added afterwards.The paper also points out that this information structure characteristics of "huaiyi" sentences often restrict and urge the hearer to adopt the principle of "to disbelieve the real and to believe the void" to understand the two different meanings of "huaiyi".This conventional pragmatic principle, which is based on conceptual polarity, has a remarkable effect on construing the meaning of "huaiyi".In addition, from the perspective of information structure and the principle of "to disbelieve the real and to believe the void", it can better explain a series of related phenomena such as the English-Chinese translation of "huaiyi" sentences and the difficult problems existing in previous studies.

关 键 词：“怀疑” 概念极性 信息结构 义项分布 意义识解 英汉互译 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]