乾父坤母:儒教文明的世界图景——基于比较宗教学的考察  

Father Qian and Mother Kun: the World Prospect of Confucian Civilization——An Observation Based on Comparative Religious Studies

作　　者：陈明 Chen Ming(Biquan Academy Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学碧泉书院,湖'南湘潭411105

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期85-96,共12页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：文章以部落组织向国家形态转进时期的父权发展演变作为线索,采用比较宗教学的方法,勾勒父权的民权化、神权化、王权化这三种类型,对古希腊宗教神话、犹太教和儒教的形成原因、内涵特点及历史影响给出描述分析,认为《易传》"乾父坤母"命题即是儒教文明的世界图景。天、仁、民胞物与以及格物致知、成己成物、参赞化育的儒家价值理念与生命规划,都可以在这一世界图景或存在秩序里得到系统和深刻的说明。从文明论的方法论视野和社会科学的学科视角对这一切进行论证分析,无疑有助于深化铸牢中华民族共同体的自觉性和方向性,而在人类文明谱系中达成对中华文明之独特性及其意义的理论把握,也有助于增强文化自信,推进中华民族复兴的伟大事业。This essay takes as a clue the development and evolution of patriarchy in the transitional period from tribal organizations to state forms. Using the methodology of comparative religious studies, this essay outlines three types of patriarchy: patriarchal democratization(民权化), patriarchal theocratization(神权化), and patriarchal monarchization(王权化). This essay also describes and analyzes the causes for the formation, the connotative characteristics and the historical influences of ancient Greek religious mythology, Judaism and Confucianism, holding that the proposition of Father Qian and Mother Kun(乾父坤母) in the Appendices to the Book of Change(《易传》)was the world prospect of Confucian civilization. Such Confucian values and life plans as Heaven(天), benevolence(仁), the belief that people in the world are all my brothers, and all things and I are of the same kind(民胞物与),the pursuit for knowledge through intense study of objects(格物致知), letting others make their achievements while making one’s own achievements(成己成物) and having an understanding of the way how all things in the world develop and change(参赞化育). An analysis and verification of all these points from the vision of the methodology of civilization theory and from the disciplinary perspective of social sciences will undoubtedly help deepen and strengthen the Chinese national community’s sense of self-consciousness and the sense of direction. To make a theoretical grasp of the uniqueness and significance of Chinese civilization in the pedigree of human civilization will also help enhance our cultural self-confidence and advance the great cause of Chinese national rejuvenation.

关 键 词：乾父坤母 儒教 父权 连续性 轴心期 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]