扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究  

Mitigation of micro-pressure wave at 400 km/h railway tunnel exit by oblique enlarged tunnel-hood

作　　者：王田天 胡冲 龚彦峰[3,4] 杨明智 熊小慧[1] 踪敬良[3,4] 陆意斌[1] WANG Tiantian;HU Chong;GONG Yanfeng;YANG Mingzhi;XIONG Xiaohui;ZONG Jingliang;LU Yibin(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd,Wuhan 430063,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Underwater Tunnel Technology,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,长沙410075 [2]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙410082 [3]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉430063 [4]水下隧道技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,武汉430063

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2021年第5期151-161,共11页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年&面上项目(51905547,52078199);国家数值风洞工程(NNW);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20200132)。

摘　　要：针对时速400 km高铁隧道口的微气压波研究,建立了基于三维可压缩非定常N−S方程和RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型的数值模拟方法,并通过动模型试验对计算方法进行了验证。文中分析了隧道长度、缓冲结构(带斜切的扩大段)长度和缓冲结构开孔数对微气压波的影响。研究结果表明:在一定隧道长度内,微气压波幅值随着隧道长度的增加逐渐增大;隧道口设置带斜切(30°)的等截面扩大段缓冲结构能有效缓解微气压波幅值,且随着缓冲结构的长度增加,微气压波幅值的缓解率先增大后减小,其中缓冲结构长88.56 m时缓解效果最佳,缓解率可达59.2%;该缓冲结构开孔后能进一步缓解微气压波幅值,缓冲结构开2个孔时的缓解效果最佳,缓解率可达70.9%。本文提出的缓冲结构能使得5 km及以下长度隧道的微气压波幅值达到国家规定标准,研究成果对时速400 km/h高速铁路隧道口缓冲结构的设计具有参考价值。Numerical simulations based on the three-dimensional,compressible,unsteady Navier-Stokes equations and the RNG k-ε two-equation turbulence model are used to study the micro-pressure generated by a high-speed train passing through a tunnel at the speed of 400 km/h,and the numerical results are further verified by the moving model test.The effects on the micro-pressure wave at the tunnel exit by the tunnel length,the tunnel-hood length(enlarged section with oblique tunnel portal)and the number of openings holes on the tunnel-hood,are analyzed.Results show that:when the tunnel length is in a certain range,the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave gradually increases with the increase of the tunnel length.The tunnel-hood with an enlarged section of equal cross-section with oblique tunnel portal(30°)at the tunnel entrance can effectively reduce the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave,the alleviative rate of the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave first increases then decreases with the increase of the tunnel-hood length,and the best mitigation effect is achieved when the length of the tunnel-hood is 88.56 m,with an alleviative rate up to 59.2%.The tunnel-hood can further alleviate the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave by opening holes,and the best mitigation effect is achieved when two holes are opened on the tunnel-hood,which results in an alleviative rate of 70.9%.The tunnel-hood proposed in this study can make the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave at the exit of a tunnel with a length less than 5 km meet the national standard.The present findings provide important guidance for the design of tunnel-hoods used in the 400 km/h high-speed railway.

关 键 词：时速400 km 高铁隧道 微气压波 缓冲结构 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U451.3[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]