由方以智“余”论观其易学旨归  

On Fang Yizhi’s Purpose of Changes Study from His Theory of“Yu”

作　　者：郭振香[1] GUO Zhen-xiang

机构地区：[1]安徽大学哲学学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《周易研究》2021年第4期12-21,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:“明清桐城方氏学派哲学思想研究”(19ZBX059)。

摘　　要：方以智的“余”范畴贯通于其易学理论之中。他在因果关系上提出“必余”,将“积善之家必有余庆”发挥为“积”因必有“余”果;在象数与“端几”关系上主张“用余”,强调“图书卦爻”对生成之理的公证与表征作用;在统与属关系上发扬了方孔炤“以正宰余”的思想,从“乾统坤余”出发提出统相对于属具有逻辑先在性与价值优先性。这三个论题归根究底是对本末关系的探讨,《易余》旨在通过揭明何者非余或何者为本以扭转晚明逃虚暱便之风。方以智指出被时人轻视的“学修”、象数、“贞一”并非多余、无用,而是十分重要、有用的,这一立场体现了其推崇道德实践、数理分析、明善治教的实学路向。Fang Yizhi(1611-1671)used the conception of yu(lit.,superfluous,auxiliary)which threads through his theory of Changes scholarship.He put forward bi yu(inevitably have yu)in regards to causal relationships,and explained“Families who cultivate and accumulate good virtue will inevitably have extra good luck”as the accumulation of causes will certainly have residual effect.For the relationship of image,number,and ji(incipience),he advocated the use of yu and emphasized the Yellow River Chart,Luo River Diagram,hexagrams and lines’public acknowledgement and representation functions in the theory of generation.For the relationship of unification and affiliation,he carried forward Fang Kongzhao’s(1590-1655)thought of ruling yu by rectitude and started from“Qian[■]dominates and Kun yu(subordinates)”to propose that unity has logical precedence and priority of value compared to subordination.In the final analysis,these three topics are the discussion of the relationship between ben(root or trunk)and mo(branches).His Yi yu(Theory of Yu Based on the Changes)aimed to reverse the trend of escapism and emptiness in the late Ming dynasty(1368-1644)by exposing what is not the auxiliary or what is the root.Fang Yizhi pointed out that“learning and cultivating”,“image and number”,and“focusing on the One”which were despised by the people of that time were not superfluous and useless,but very important and useful.This position reflects his advocacy of moral practice,mathematical analysis,and substantial study.

关 键 词：方以智 必余 用余 宰余 

分 类 号：B248.93[哲学宗教—中国哲学]