货币收入、工作条件与农村中小学教师换教与退教意愿——基于重庆、宁夏基线调查数据的实证研究  

Monetary Benefit,Working Conditions and the Rural Teacher’s Turnover:An Empirical Study Based on Survey Data from Chongqing and Ningxia

作　　者：黄斌 程欢 何沛芸 杜屏[3] Bin Huang;Huan Cheng;Peiyun He;Ping Du(Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093;School of Public Administration,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,南京210093 [2]南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京210023 [3]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育与经济》2021年第5期77-88,共12页Education & Economy

基　　金：2019年国家社会科学基金教育一般课题“县域义务教育学校教师校际交流补偿机制研究”(BFA190054)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文采用重庆和宁夏入校调查数据,在控制教师个体特征、职业特征及区县固定效应条件下,就货币收入和工作条件对教师换教与退教意愿的影响作用进行逻辑回归分析。研究发现,当前农村教师的工资收入和津补贴收入偏低,缺少外部竞争力,样本中有超过三分之一的教师有换教或退教的打算。提升教师工资和津补贴收入能有效降低教师的换教意愿,而教师退教意愿只受津补贴收入的影响。学校办学条件羸弱和制度环境恶化是促发教师换教和退教的主要原因。货币收入和工作条件之间存在替代作用,货币收入能有效降低在不利工作条件下任教教师的流失意愿,但对在有利工作条件下任教教师的流失意愿无显著影响。基于发现,本文提出科学设计与优化中小学教师工资结构,增加在艰苦环境从教教师的津补贴力度,注重非货币激励手段的综合运用,加强对农村学校内部制度环境建设等政策性意见。Based on survey data of rural schools from Chongqing and Ningxia,this paper uses logistic regression model to investigate the influence of monetary benefit and working conditions on the willingness of rural of primary and secondary school to change schools and quit teaching after controlling for teachers’individual characteristics,occupational characteristics and fixed effect of county.The study found that rural teachers’salaries and subsidies were relatively low,which leads teaching job lacked external competitiveness in the local labor market.Over one-third of the teachers in the sample planned to change schools or quit teaching.Increasing teachers’salary and subsidy can significantly reduce teachers’willingness to change schools,while teachers’willingness to quit is only affected by subsidy.Working conditions have a significant negative impact on the intention of teacher turnover,and low-quality facilities and poor institutional environment are the main reasons for teachers to.The relationship between monetary benefit and working conditions is substitutive.Based on the findings,this paper puts forward several policy suggestions,including designing and adjusting the salary structure of teachers scientifically,increasing the subsidy for teachers who teach in poor conditions,implementing of monetary and non-monetary incentive tools synthetically,and improvement of the institutional environment within schools.

关 键 词：货币收入 工作条件 农村教师 换教与退教意愿 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]