超声波强化木质纤维素酶解的研究进展  

Progress in Ultrasound Intensification for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose

作　　者：胡芳[1,2] 董旭 史长伟 吴学栋[1] HU Fang;DONG Xu;SHI Chang-wei;WU Xue-dong(College of Light Industry&Textile Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006;Engineering Research Center of Flax Processing Technology Ministry of Education,Qiqihar 161006)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学轻工与纺织学院,齐齐哈尔161006 [2]亚麻加工技术教育部工程研究中心,齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2021年第10期234-244,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项类项目(135409707)。

摘　　要：超声波处理强化木质纤维素生物质酶解过程,可提高酶解速率和可发酵糖以及生物乙醇产量。综述了木质纤维素酶解过程和限制酶解的因素,以及超声波强化在酶-底物预处理、糖化、同步糖化发酵工艺、产酶过程中的应用进展。超声波以多种方式促进木质纤维素的生物转化,对酶促反应提供明显的强化效果。对超声波强化酶解的机理进行了分析,超声波促进非均相系统的扩散和传质,同时增大酶/底物的亲和力、提高酶/底物复合物转化为产物的速度,酶分子构象发生柔性变化,易于定位于底物,破坏酶分子聚集体,使得酶活性位点更易于进行反应;增加纤维素底物的可及性;改变酶蛋白空间结构,在不改变酶的结构完整性的情况下使蛋白质分子发生有利的构象变化,使酶的活性部位暴露得更加充分,提高酶活性。对超声波处理是否会导致纤维素酶活性下降,超声波反应器的类型、参数设置对研究结果的重要影响,以及超声波强化木质纤维素酶解的经济效益评价进行了讨论。在超声波强化与其他酶解改进措施的协同作用、机理的深入研究和操作参数的综合优化等方面提出了进一步深入研究的方向。Ultrasonic treatment can intensify enzymatic hydrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass,which is beneficial to improving the enzymatic hydrolysis rate and the production of fermentable sugar and bioethanol.This paper reviews enzymatic hydrolysis process of lignocellulose and factors limiting enzymatic hydrolysis,as well as the applications of ultrasound on pretreatment of enzyme-substrate systems,saccharification,simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,and cellulase production.Ultrasonic treatment enhances the bioconversion of lignocellulosic in many ways and provides obvious reinforcement effect on enzymatic reactions.The mechanisms of ultrasonic intensification on enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed.Ultrasonic treatment improves the process of mass transfer and diffusion of heterogeneous system,increases the enzyme/substrate affinity,enhances the conversion of enzyme/substrate complex into product,changes the conformation of enzyme molecules flexibly to locate on the substrate easily,breaks enzymatic molecular aggregates,and makes the enzyme active sites easier to react.Moreover,it increases the accessibility of cellulose substrates.Ultrasonic waves alters the spatial structure of the enzyme protein,causing favorable conformation changes to the enzyme without destroying its structural integrity,so that the active sites of the enzyme can be more fully exposed and the enzyme activity can be improved.The paper discusses whether or not cellulase activity decreases by ultrasonic treatment,the important influence of ultrasonic reactor type and parameter setting on the research results,and the economic benefit evaluation of ultrasonic intensified enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose.Finally the paper puts forward the further research direction in the aspects of the synergistic effect of ultrasonic enhancement and other enzymatic improvement measures,the in-depth study of mechanism and the comprehensive optimization of operation parameters.

关 键 词：木质纤维素 酶解 纤维素酶 超声波 

分 类 号：TQ352.79[化学工程] TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]