组织管理中的问责研究:文献综述与展望  

Accountability Research in Organization Management:A Literature Review and Prospects

作　　者：颜士梅[1] 汪棋 Yan Shimei;Wang Qi(School of Management,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第5期197-210,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72172138,71672171)。

摘　　要：问责伴随组织运行的全过程,是工作场所中不可或缺的基本原则,被视为组织成功的重要基石。问责强调每个主体都必须为自己的决定和行为负责,并且隐含了与问责结果一致的奖励或惩罚。这一领域的研究主要基于三个视角:一是决策视角,该视角将问责视为一种客观的外部制度约束,进而分析其对个体认知与决策的影响;二是角色视角,该视角强调将问责系统与角色系统融合,进而分析其对相关角色行为与组织人力资源管理实践的影响;三是感知视角,该视角强调个体对问责的主观感知,从个体、人际和组织等多层次来分析问责的前因、结果及作用机制。未来问责研究需要在揭示作用机制、开展动态性分析、嵌入特定情境以及应对数字化时代的新挑战等方面进一步拓展,从而促进问责在组织管理中的基础支撑作用的发挥。Accountability emphasizes that actors should be answerable to audiences for their decisions and behaviors,and also implies the related rewards or sanctions.Although studies since the 1970 s have advanced our understanding of accountability in organization management,there is still a lack of comprehensive review of the theoretical and empirical work done on it.Concerning the connotation of accountability,the essentials of its definition have changed over the decades,ranging from external constraint to internal constraint and perceptual constraint.Nascent research views accountability as a kind of external constraint and formal organizational system,which can affect individual cognition and decision-making.Subsequently,studies emphasize the internal requirement derived from individuals themselves and put forward the concept of self-accountability.Inconsistent research findings have gradually put individual subjective perceptions of the accountability into focus,which gives rise to the concept of felt accountability.Corresponding to the above changes,early studies mainly rely on experimental manipulation of observation or evaluation from others to reflect the institutional environment of accountability.At present,relevant measures based on individual perceptions are gradually developed,which further promote studies outside the laboratory.Research on accountability is largely based on the following three perspectives.The first is the decision-making perspective,which originated in the 1970 s and is mainly based on the social contingency model of accountability.This perspective posits that accountability is a fundamental feature of all decision-making environments,while individuals are"politicians"who always seek status and approval from audiences.Therefore,accountability can influence actors’information processing and integrative complexity,and eventually their coping strategies with accountability.The second is the role perspective,which originated in the 1990 s and is based on the accountability pyramid model and

关 键 词：组织管理 问责 社会权变模型 金字塔模型 决策视角 角色视角 感知视角 

分 类 号：F272.9[经济管理—企业管理]