城市中心路内停车与停车换乘的动态优化模型  

Dynamic Optimization Model of Curbside Parking and Park after Ride in Central Business District

作　　者：葛啸慈 石超峰[2] 庞利 GE Xiao-ci;SHI Chao-feng;PANG Li(School of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China;School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学经济管理学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2021年第30期13163-13169,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(16BJL121)。

摘　　要：城市中心区停车问题与交通拥堵问题密切相关,也与停车换乘(park and ride,P+R)问题相关,交通流、路边停车和P+R需要统一模型研究。为此,建立考虑交通流的城市中心路内停车与P+R的动态优化模型。短期最优流率模型考虑到路内停车位会减少正常行驶车辆的道路空间,而且巡航停车会和其他车辆产生拥堵,为此,需要加快路内停车周转率,将路内停车资源与交通流协同管理。短期停车容量模型利用Stackelberg博弈:在政府追求社会总成本最小和私人运营商追求利润最大的基础上,出行者追求用户出行成本最小。研究表明,在需求固定的情况下,随着车辆停放时间的增加,路内停车费与P+R停车费都在不断下降,路内停车容量在不断减少,而P+R停车容量不断增加,说明如果选择短时停车或者临时停车,可以选择路内停车;而如果选择长时间停车,可以选择P+R停车。在需求远大于供给时,路内停车将演化为车道控制。The parking problem in central business district(CBD)is closely related to traffic congestion and park after ride(P+R).Traffic flow,curbside parking and P+R should be considered in a unified model.So,a dynamic optimization model for parking and P+R was established by considering traffic flow.The short-term optimal flow rate model was discussed,under which curbside parking capacity would affect road space for normal vehicles,and cruising for parking would cause congestion.Thus,curbside parking turnover rate should be accelerated.The model to optimize the user cost was analyzed,which was subjected to the total social cost minimum and the private firm profit maximum by the Stackelberg game.The results show as follows.When the vehicle parking time is increased,under the fixed demand,curbside parking fees and P+R parking fees are continuously decreased,curbside parking capacity is decreased,and P+R parking capacity is increased.Furthermore,curbside parking will be selected for the short-term parking or temporary parking,on the contrary,the P+R parking can be selected for long-term parking.In fact,curbside parking will evolve into lane control when the demand is far greater than the supply.

关 键 词：交通运输经济 道路交通 停车最优容量 交通流 路内停车 

分 类 号：U491.7[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]