四川雅安野生油茶经济性状及脂肪酸组成  

Economic characters and fatty acid composition of wild Camellia oleifera in Ya’an, Sichuan

作　　者：向婷婷 郑倩 汪秋凤 丁春邦[1] 冯士令[1] 周莉君[1] 陈涛[1] XIANG Tingting;ZHENG Qian;WANG Qiufeng;DING Chunbang;FENG Shiling;ZHOU Lijun;CHEN Tao(College of Life Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an 625014,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《中国油脂》2021年第10期98-103,共6页China Oils and Fats

摘　　要：为了筛选四川雅安特异的油茶种质资源,对四川省雅安市天全县收集的22株野生油茶(TQYS1~TQYS22)的果实性状、经济性状及油脂脂肪酸组成进行测定,并通过主成分分析评价其综合表现。结果表明:22株野生油茶资源在果实性状、经济性状及脂肪酸组成上都存在显著差异。在果实性状中,鲜果重为9.14~43.58 g,其变异系数最大,为41.75%,变异系数最小的是果高,只有10.83%。在主要经济性状中,鲜果含油率的变异系数最大,为31.99%,鲜出籽率在27.54%~59.46%,干出籽率在15.02%~45.03%,种仁含油率在39.05%~56.60%,其中有7株野生油茶达到了国家油茶选育标准。野生油茶籽油中主要含有油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,饱和脂肪酸含量在6.53%~10.27%之间,不饱和脂肪酸含量在89.73%~93.47%之间。通过主成分分析,初步筛选出综合性状表现最好的4株野生油茶(TQYS17、TQYS21、TQYS18和TQYS20),其具有较高的鲜出籽率、干出籽率、种仁含油率和鲜果含油率。野生油茶中存在丰富的遗传资源,可以为四川雅安良种选育提供良好种质资源。In order to screen the special germplasm resources of Camellia oleifera in Ya’an, Sichuan province, the fruit characters, economic characters, and the oil fatty acid composition of 22 wild C.oleifera(TQYS1-TQYS22) fruits collected from Tianquan, Ya’an, Sichuan province were determined, and their general qualities were evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA). The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit characters, economic characters, and fatty acid composition among 22 wild C. oleifera resources. Among fruit characters, the weight of fresh fruit ranged from 9.14-43.58 g, and possessed the highest variation coefficient(41.75%), the variation coefficient of fruit height was the smallest, only 10.83%. Among the main economic characters, the variation coefficient of fresh fruit oil content was the largest, reaching 31.99%. The yield of fresh seed was 27.54%-59.46%, the yield of dry seed was 15.02%-45.03%, and the kernel oil content ranged from 39.05% to 56.60%, and seven wild C. oleifera met the national standards for selection of superior trees of C.oleifera. The main fatty acids in wild C. oleifera seed oil was oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, the content of saturated fatty acid was 6.53%-10.27%, and the content of unsaturated fatty acid was 89.73%-93.47%. Four wild plants(TQYS17, TQYS21,TQYS18 and TQYS20) with the best comprehensive characters were selected by principal component analysis, and they had high fresh seed yield, dry seed yield, kernel and fresh seed oil content. There were abundant genetic resources in wild C.oleifera, which could provide good germplasm resources for fine variety breeding in Ya’an, Sichuan.

关 键 词：野生油茶 经济性状 脂肪酸组成 主成分分析 

分 类 号：TS222.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS227[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]