我国幼儿园卫生保健队伍建设的政策变迁与展望  

Policy Changes and Prospects of Kindergarten Health Care Team Construction in China

作　　者：林榕 王海英[2] Rong Lin;Haiying Wang(School of Early Childhood Education,Nanjing Xiaozhuang University,Nanjing 211171 China;School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097 China)

机构地区：[1]南京晓庄学院幼儿师范学院,南京211171 [2]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2021年第11期12-21,共10页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划2021年度青年项目“非营利性民办托幼机构的政府监管与政策支持研究”(批准号:B2021004)。

摘　　要：保障幼儿的健康与安全是幼儿园工作任务的重中之重,为此有必要从政策角度高度关注幼儿园卫生保健队伍的建设。自新中国成立70多年来,我国幼儿园卫生保健队伍建设的政策大致经历了以下三个历史时期:人员结构配置时期(1949—1989年)、专业身份确立时期(1989—2014年)、组织建设规范时期(2014年至今),呈现出了从解决人员配备到注重专业职责,从侧重养护责任到强调健康管理,从聚焦单一主体到重视团队协作,从强调培训指导到渐趋系统管理,从关注义务履行到兼顾权益保障的演变特点。解决当前我国幼儿园卫生保健队伍存在的数量不足、专业水平不高、流动性大等问题的关键在于构建相应的政策支持与保障体系,强化健康管理,将保健意识深度融入政策理念,将队伍高质发展纳入政策内涵,在政策制定与实施过程中强调多元主体参与。It is of great value and significance to systematically review and trace the evolution process of kindergarten health care team construction policy in China.Based on the analysis of preschool education policies in the 72 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the study found that the policy of kindergarten health care team construction has roughly experienced three historical periods:the period of personnel structure allocation(1949—1989),the period of professional identity establishment(1989—2014),and the period of organization construction standardization(from 2014 to now).The history of policy changes presents five evolution characteristics:from solving staffing to focusing on professional responsibilities,from maintenance responsibility to focusing on health management,from single subject to attaching importance to teamwork,from training guidance to gradual systematic management,from obligations to considering the protection of rights and interests.In view of the actual problems existing in the process of policy evolution,the study puts forward three suggestions:strengthening health management and deeply integrating health care awareness into policy ideas,building a policy system and bringing the high-quality development of the team into the policy connotation,promoting multi-party cooperation and involving multiple subjects in the policy process.

关 键 词：卫生保健人员 幼儿园保育 健康管理 

分 类 号：G617[文化科学—学前教育学]