2017-2020年广西市售水产品重金属污染评价及健康风险评估  

Evaluation on heavy metals pollution and assessment on health risk of commercial aquatic products in Guangxi Province from 2017-2020

作　　者：陈清德[1] 黄艳桃 唐琼[1] 庞洁[1] CHEN Qing-de;HUANG Yan-tao;TANG Qiong;PANG Jie(Physical and Chemical Laboratory,Nanning Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanming Guangxi,530023,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁市疾病预防控制中心理化检验科,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第17期2332-2335,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会科研项目(Z20200237)。

摘　　要：目的调查2017-2020年广西地区市售水产品重金属含量和污染现状,评价其对人体的健康风险,为水产品的重金属防控提供参考依据。方法2017-2020年,按照GB 5009.268-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定》对在自治区内采集的190份市售水产品中的重金属(铅、镉、汞、总砷)进行检测,并采用单因子污染指数(Pi)、污染指数(MPI)、靶器官危害系数法(THQs)评价其污染程度与健康风险。结果5种水产品中重金属总体含量水平为镉>无机砷>铅>汞;检出无机砷超标的水产品有鱼类、虾、蟹,超标率分别为2.58%、7.14%和25.00%;镉超标的水产品是虾、螺、蟹、贝类,超标率分别为14.30%、14.30%、100.00%和33.30%。污染评价结果显示,螺中的镉处于轻度污染(Pi=0.27),贝类中的镉处于中度污染(Pi=0.88),虾(Pi=1.35)和蟹(Pi=3.16)中的镉污染超标;综合污染指数评价结果为蟹>贝类>虾>螺>鱼类。健康风险评估结果表明,蟹类和贝类中的无机砷和镉对儿童存在潜在的非致癌风险。结论2017-2020年广西市售水产品鱼类重金属污染较轻,虾、螺、蟹和贝类部分重金属超标,儿童膳食摄入贝类存在一定的健康风险。Objective To investigate the content and pollution status of heavy metals in commercial aquatic products in Guangxi Province,evaluate the health risks to human,and provide the basis for prevention and control of heavy metals pollution in aquatic products.Methods According to GB 5009.268-2016 National standard for food safety determination of multiple elements in food,the contents of the heavy elements(lead,cadmium,mercury and total arsenic)in 190 aquatic products samples from the autonomous region were detected from 2017-2020.The pollution level and health risk were evaluated by single-factor pollution index(Pi),metal pollution index(MPI),and target organ hazard coefficient method(THQs).Results The total contents level of heavy metals in five types of aquatic products were cadmium>inorganic arsenic>lead>mercury.The aquatic products that the levels of inorganic arsenic exceeded the standard limits were fish,shrimp and crab,which the over standard rate was 2.58%,7.14%and 25.00%,respectively.The aquatic products that the levels of cadmium exceeded the standard limits were shrimp,snails,crab,and shellfish,which the over standard rate was 14.30%,14.30%,100.00%and 33.30%,respectively.The results of pollution evaluation showed that snails had mild pollution of cadmium(Pi=0.27),shellfish had moderate pollution of cadmium(Pi=0.88),and cadmium pollution in shrimp(Pi=1.35)and crab(Pi=3.16)exceeded the standard.The MPI of aquatic products ranked as follows:crab>shellfish>shrimp>snails>fish.The results of the health risk assessment indicated that inorganic arsenic and cadmium in crab and shellfish posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to children.Conclusion Among the commercial aquatic products in Guangxi Province from 2017-2020,the heavy metals pollution is mild in fish,but the levels of some serious heavy metals in shrimp,snails,crab,and shellfish exceeded the limits.The dietary intake of shellfish has certain health risks for children.

关 键 词：水产品 重金属 污染评价 风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]