德国应用科学大学为何要进行博士生培养  

Why Do German Universities of Applied Sciences Need to Cultivate Doctoral Students

作　　者：陈洪捷[1] 王兆义[1,2] Chen Hongjie;Wang Zhaoyi(Graduate School of Education at the Peking University,Beijing 100871;Research Institute of Applied Universities in China&Germany at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871 [2]浙江科技学院中德应用型大学研究院,杭州310023

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2021年第17期1-8,共8页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部国别与区域研究课题“扩大教育开放、共建‘一带一路’战略背景下中德应用型高校合作态势研判”(教外司[综]2019[3392])的部分成果。

摘　　要：高等教育大众化潮流造就了德国高等教育功能分化的格局,在此背景下,德国应用科学大学的规模得到快速增长,总体实力不断提高。在技术和生产双重革新的推动下,新兴产业对应用型人才提出了更高的知识水平和科研能力要求,而应用科学大学凭借其积累的后发优势对这些要求进行了积极回应。随着博洛尼亚进程下三级学位制的逐步实施,在应用科学大学多元化的学生结构中,读博深造的需求越来越强烈,加之应用科学大学自身科研实力的快速提升,推动了许多应用科学大学积极争取"博士授予权",朝着自主开展博士生教育的目标迈进。应用科学大学自主培养博士生是其与企业紧密联系的特色定位的强化,体现出其"转型"而非"转向"的发展趋势。The trend of popularization of higher education has created the pattern of functional differentiation of higher education in Germany. Under this background, the scale of German universities of Applied Sciences(UAS, in German Fachhochschule)has been growing rapidly,and the overall strength has been constantly improving. Driven by the dual innovation of technology and production,emerging industries have put forward higher requirements for knowledge level and scientific research ability of application-oriented talents, and the UAS has responded positively to these requirements with its accumulated advantages. With the gradual implementation of the three-level degree system under the Bologna process,in the diversified student structure of UAS,the students’ demand for further doctoral education is becoming more and more intense. In addition,the rapid improvement of its scientific research strength has promoted many UASs to actively strive for the"authority to award doctorate degrees"(in German Promotionsrecht)and move towards the goal of independent doctoral education. The independent cultivation of doctoral students in the University of Applied Sciences is the strengthening of the characteristic orientation of its close relationship with enterprises,which reflects the development trend of"type-transition"rather than"direction-change".

关 键 词：应用型高校 应用研究 博士授予权 功能分化 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]