寒门子弟何以考取科举功名——基于清代浙江科举人物朱卷履历的定量分析  

Why Did Students from Poor Families Succeed in the Imperial Examination:A Quantitative Analysis Based on Zhu-Juan Resumes of Zhejiang Imperial Examination Figures in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：林上洪[1] 刘海峰[2] LIN Shanghong;LIU Haifeng

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教育管理与政策研究中心,宁波315211 [2]浙江大学科举学与考试研究中心,杭州310058

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2021年第3期62-80,190,共20页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“高校考试招生改革引导学生德智体美劳全面发展研究”(20JZD050)。

摘　　要：科举制为传统社会寒门子弟提供上升流动机会,具有促进社会流动的功能,本文通过考察《清代朱卷集成》和《未刊清代朱卷集成》中浙江籍举人、进士朱卷履历,定量分析其中的受业师、家庭成员和家族成员信息,探析寒门子弟考取科举功名的影响因素。研究表明,考取科举功名的寒门子弟在教育条件上与生监家庭子弟没有显著差异,受业师是举人考取进士的重要影响因素,教育机会获得是寒门子弟考取科举功名的根本原因;家庭文化资本是教育条件的重要影响因素,而家族文化资本保障了天资聪颖寒门子弟的教育机会。The imperial examination system is an institutional cultural heritage with the most traditional Chinese characteristics.It provided opportunities for students from poor families in the traditional society to move up and promoted social mobility.Researchers have paid much attention to the upward mobility ratio of students from poor families,and seldom analyzed the reasons for their achievements.This study investigates the resumes of imperial examination figures from Zhejiang Province in Zhu-Juan Collection of Qing Dynasty and Unpublished Zhu-Juan Collection of Qing Dynasty,quantitatively analyzes the information of their teachers,family members and relatives,and explores the influencing factors of the success of students from poor families in the imperial examination.The research shows that there is no significant difference in the educational conditions between the poor students who succeeded in the Imperial Examination and the students from other families.Teachers are an important factor influencing Ju-Ren to become Jin-Shi,and access to educational opportunities is the fundamental reason for the success of poor students.Family cultural capital is an important factor affecting educational conditions,and extended family cultural capital guarantees educational opportunities for gifted students from poor families.

关 键 词：科举考试 寒门子弟 社会流动 家族文化资本 

分 类 号：G40-052.474[文化科学—教育学原理]