马克思《历史学笔记》与唯物史观的拓展——兼论对中国马克思主义文学批评的启示  

Marx’s Notes of History and the Expansion of Historical Materialism——The Inspirations for Marxist Literary Criticism in China

作　　者：胡亚敏[1] HU Yamin(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2021年第4期10-16,共7页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义文学批评经典重铸与当代拓展研究”(19ZDA263)。

摘　　要：《历史学笔记》是马克思晚年摘编的一部世界史编年纪要。这部笔记的产生有其深刻的时代原因,是马克思唯物史观的拓展和深化。在《历史学笔记》中,马克思把唯物史观推进到"历史具体"的层次,坚持从世界历史发展中探寻历史规律,始终关注人在历史中的活动或作用,实现了唯物史观与人的解放的辩证统一。马克思《历史学笔记》中的观念和方法对于中国马克思主义文学批评具有指导意义,马克思主义文学批评应注重批评实践与批评理论的互动,关注文学中推动历史进步的新人,并通过微观叙事见微而知著。马克思《历史学笔记》虽然研究的是古代世界史,但其精神则指向未来。Notes of Historyis a chronicle of world history excerpted by Marx in his later years. Written in a profound historical context,this notebook expanded and deepened Marx’s historical materialism. In Notes of History,Marx promoted historical materialism to the level of"historical concreteness"by insisting on exploring the laws of history from the development of world history and paying consistent attention to the activities and roles of people in history,and realized the dialectical unity of historical materialism and human liberation. The concepts and methods in Marx’s Notes of History have guiding significance for Marxist literary criticism in China. Marxist literary criticism should focus on the interactions between critical practices and theories,pay attention to the newcomers in literature that promote historical progress,and contribute to the era by studying micro-narratives. Although Marx’s Notes of History studies ancient world history,its fundamental spirit points to the future.

关 键 词：《历史学笔记》 唯物史观 历史的具体性 人的活动 文学批评 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]