地质环境安全评价  

Geological Environment Safety Evaluation

作　　者：孟晖[1] 张若琳[1] 石菊松 李春燕[1] Meng Hui;Zhang Ruolin;Shi Jusong;Li Chunyan(China Institute of Geological Environmental Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《地球科学》2021年第10期3764-3776,共13页Earth Science

基　　金：地质环境安全综合评价方法研究(No.1212011220089);全国地质资源环境承载能力评价与监测预警(No.121201014000150017);地质调查标准化与标准制修订(2019-2021)(中国地质环境监测院)(No.DD20190474);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.41572309);科技部重点专项(No.2017YFC1502502)。

摘　　要：地质环境安全评价是国土空间规划的基础性工作.其目的是对人类生命财产、城镇和工程建设构成威胁的地质环境问题进行评价.基于人类生命安全至上和灾害链综合风险的原则,选取区域地壳稳定性、突发地质灾害易发程度和地面沉降易发程度等制约国土空间规划的"短板"要素,以全国为例,采用基于灾害链综合评价的图形叠置法开展地质环境安全综合评价,将地质环境安全程度分为5个等级.地质环境安全程度由高到低所占面积分别为28.34%、29.36%、21.00%、4.51%和4.24%.评价结果宏观反映了地质环境条件和安全程度,揭示了区域分异特征,能够从地质环境安全角度为国土空间规划,特别是城镇和工程建设选址综合安全评价和用途管制等工作提供科学参考依据.The geological environment safety evaluation is becoming increasingly more important in land planning since the geological environment is getting more complicated in recent years. Based on summarizing the previous comprehensive evaluation of geological environment, a comprehensive evaluation index system of geological environment safety is established and a comprehensive evaluation method thereof is developed to provide scientific basis and technical support for land planning and evaluation of resources and environment carrying capacity. The connotation of geological environment safety is put forward, and three key factors for geological environmental safety evaluation are determined as regional crust stability, susceptibility of geologic hazards, and susceptibility of chronic geologic hazards, which are evaluated respectively. Five grades and twelve classes are divided through comprehensive evaluation of geological environment safety by using a comprehensive way to evaluate the dominant factors. The evaluation results not only reflect the degree of geological environment safety, but also explain the key factors affecting the geological environment safety. The area of overlapping regions, where the regional structure is extremely unstable and unexpected geological hazards are especially easy to occur, accounts for about 4.24%, mainly distributed in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, mainly involving Gansu Baiyin-Tianshui, Sichuan Deyang-Kangding-Xichang,Yunnan Dongchuan-Gejiu,southern Tibet and western Yunnan areas. The results of geological environment safety evaluation enhance the understanding on geological environment, and the degree of geological environment safety, as one of the indicators of land planning, provides technical support and scientific basis for land planning.

关 键 词：地质环境安全 国土空间规划 区域地壳稳定性 地质灾害易发程度评价 环境地质学 

分 类 号：P66[天文地球—地质学] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]