鄱阳湖五河近岸藓类植物带微塑料与重金属污染物的赋存及其生态风险  

The presence of and ecological risk from microplastics and heavy metal pollutants in the near-shore moss zone of the five rivers in Poyang Lake

作　　者：饶丹 简敏菲[1,2] 杨梓轩 张晨 丛明旸 崔宁 阳文静 倪才英[4] RAO Dan;JIAN Minfei;YANG Zixuan;ZHANG Chen;CONG Mingyang;CUI Ning;YANG Wenjing;NI Caiying(Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province,College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Poyang Lake,Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;Center of Analysis and Testing,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室,南昌330022 [2]江西省水利科学院江西省鄱阳湖水资源与环境重点实验室,南昌330029 [3]江西师范大学分析测试中心,南昌330022 [4]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第5期1246-1255,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31700168,41967055);江西省水利科学院江西省鄱阳湖水资源与环境重点实验室开放研究基金(2020GPSYS03)资助。

摘　　要：选择鄱阳湖及其五河河岸藓类植物带,鉴定分析湿地藓类植物微塑料(microplastics,MPs)赋存的丰度与形态多样性,监测藓类植物与基质中镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)和铜(Cu)等重金属(HMs)的含量及其在基质层的形态特征,评价藓类植物带微塑料-重金属的赋存生态风险.结果表明:研究区藓类植物层微塑料的丰度范围在314-1396个/kg间,各站点间存在显著差异(P≤0.05);基质层微塑料丰度在102-231个/kg间.藓类植物富集Cd、Pb、Cu的含量分别达1.67-5 mg/kg、42.78-135 mg/kg和11.11-50 mg/kg;基质层Cd、Pb、Cu的总含量分别达0.67-7.67 mg/kg、12-215.67 mg/kg和8-54 mg/kg;微塑料与重金属在藓类植物带纵向的迁移存在一定差异.各基质层重金属形态特征表现为以F4(残渣态)为主.各站点重金属污染的生态风险评价结果表明,16个站点基质层的Cd污染达重度等级,Pb、Cu污染等级相对较轻.微塑料与重金属共存的相关性分析表明,藓类植物层滞留的微塑料丰度与其Cd、Pb含量间存在一定相关性,但基质层的微塑料丰度仅与Cu含量显著相关且与Cu的F3(可氧化态)与F4形态相关.微塑料与重金属的复合污染对鄱阳湖及其五河流域存在一定的生态风险,需引起高度重视并实施有效的管控措施.We selected the moss layer and lower substrate layer in the near-riparian zone of Poyang Lake and its five tributaries as the subjects to study the distribution characteristics and ecological risks of pollution from microplastics(MPs)and heavy metals(HMs)in the wetland around the lake.The abundance and morphological diversity of MPs in the moss and substrate layers were identified and analyzed,the cadmium,lead,and copper contents in the mosses and substrates determined,and the morphological distribution characteristics of the HMs in the substrate were analyzed.We also evaluated the intercept effects of the moss and substrate layers on MPs and HMs,and the ecological risks of pollutants coexisting in the wetland around Poyang Lake.The results showed that the abundance of residual MPs in the moss layers in the study area ranged from 314 to 1396 MP/kg with a significant difference(P≤0.05)among sampling points.However,the abundance of MPs in the lower substrates ranged from 102 to 231 MP/kg.The enriched cadmium,lead,and copper contents in the mosses ranged from 1.67 to 5 mg/kg,from 42.78 to 135 mg/kg,and from 11.11 to 50 mg/kg,respectively although the total cadmium,lead,and copper contents in the lower substrates were from 0.67 to 7.67 mg/kg,12 to 215.67 mg/kg,and 8 to 54 mg/kg,respectively.The morphological composition of different HMs in the lower substrates was dominated by F4(residual state).Results of ecological risk assessment for HM pollution at the different sampling sites showed that the cadmium pollution level of the lower substrates reached“severe pollution”at 16 sampling sites,while the levels of lead and the copper pollution were relatively light.The results of correlation analysis of the coexistence of MPs and HMs showed that there was a certain correlation between the abundance of MPs and the enrichment of cadmium and lead in the moss layer.However,the abundance of MPs in the lower substrates was only significantly correlated to its copper content and this,combined with the morphology of cadmium

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 近岸带 藓类植物 基质 微塑料 重金属 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X826