隐形让步条件句和特设参照集  

Implicit concessive conditionals and ad hoc set of alternatives

作　　者：吴炳章[1] 郭嘉琪 Wu Bingzhang;Guo Jiaqi

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学外国语学院,山东青岛266100 [2]上海外国语大学英语学院,上海201620

出　　处：《外语教学》2021年第6期37-42,66,共7页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉英条件句的情景认知对比研究”(项目编号:20BYY008);山东省社会科学规划研究项目“条件句的功能分化和句式变异研究”(项目编号:20CYYJ15)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文探究了"if P,Q"允准"even if P,Q"解释的语言现象。本研究认为,让步含义是通过构建特设参照集进行的语用推理所得。蕴含条件句的特设参照集是一组充分条件命题,而非蕴含条件句的特设参照集是一对对比项,两个集合都具有量级特征。蕴含条件句中,P和Q之间反常的充分关系可触发让步含义推理。非蕴含条件句中,让步含义则是阻止(否定前提的)推理谬误的结果。允准让步含义的蕴含条件句有两类:一类是表达Q不受P干扰,另一类是表达说话人保留立场。还有一类条件句,虽然句法特征是非蕴含条件句,但语义内容是蕴含条件句,故以命题类量级为基础允准让步含义。上述所有类型的条件句,都有一些规律的但非区别性的语义和句法特征。The paper addresses why if-conditionals license the interpretation of even if conditionals.The hypothesis is that concessive implicature results from the pragmatic inference on the basis of an ad hoc set of alternatives.For implicative conditionals,the set is composed of a group of sufficient conditions,while for non-implicative conditionals,it consists of a pair of contrastive expressions.Both sets are of Horn scale,for the alternatives range from strong to weak in terms of sufficiency.Implicative conditionals of which the conditional relation of sufficiency is abnormal license concessive implicature,while in the case of non-implicative conditionals,concessive implicature derives from the preclusion of the fallacy of denying the antecedent(DA).Two types of implicative conditionals are found to license concessive implicature,one being that P does not preclude the actualization of Q,the other,the speaker retains his stand in face of potential opposition.The study further identifies one type of conditionals that license concessive implicature as implicative conditionals.Although they share some syntactical features with non-implicative conditionals,they are implicative conditionals semantically.All types of if-conditionals mentioned above share some regular but not distinctive semantic and syntactical features.

关 键 词：IF条件句 让步条件句 让步含义 特设参照集 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]