饲草青贮微生物多样性研究进展及对策  

Research Progress and Countermeasure on Microbial Diversity of Forage Silage

作　　者：刘悦 字学娟[1] 陈婷[1] 李茂[2] LIU Yue;ZI Xuejuan;CHEN Ting;LI Mao(College of Forestry,Hainan University,Danzhou 571737,China;Institute of Tropical Crop Variety Resources,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Danzhou 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学林学院,儋州571737 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,儋州571737

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第11期6084-6092,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860680);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(1630032021003,1630032017033);农业农村部项目(16200159);滇桂黔石漠化地区特色作物产业发展关键技术集成示范项目。

摘　　要：饲草表面的微生物群落结构以及微生物群落演替特征是影响饲草青贮发酵特性的关键因素之一。来自于不同地区以及不同种类的饲草表面微生物种类差异较大,从而使发酵特性多样化。青贮饲料的发酵品质由微生物的群落结构和其演替过程所主导,而这二者不仅受牧草表面附着的微生物的影响,且外源青贮添加剂的作用也不可忽视。本文总结了不同区域、不同种类饲草青贮的微生物群落结构和演替规律以及青贮添加剂对微生物群落的影响。总的看来,不同区域环境、不同饲草种类以及不同青贮添加剂类型都影响了饲草青贮微生物多样性,并造成了青贮发酵品质的差异。为了获得优质青贮饲料必须综合考虑环境因素、饲草特性以及添加剂类型,建议对不同的饲草进行差异化的青贮调制。One of the key factors affecting silage fermentation characteristics is the microbial community structure and succession characteristics on the forage surface.The microbial species on the surface of forages from different regions and different species are quite different,which makes the fermentation characteristics diverse.The microbial community structure and its succession process are not only affected by the microorganisms attached to the forage surface,and the role of exogenous silage additives can not be ignored.This paper summarized the microbial community structure and succession law of forage silage in different regions and different species,and the effects of silage additives on microbial community.Generally speaking,different regional environment,different forage species and different silage additives all effect the microbial diversity of silage and lead to the difference of silage fermentation quality.In order to obtain high-quality silage,environmental factors,forage characteristics and additive types must be comprehensively considered,it is suggested to make different silage for different forages.

关 键 词：青贮 微生物多样性 环境因素 青贮添加剂 饲草 

分 类 号：S816.3[农业科学—饲料科学]