从大数据库比较港沪两地“车”和“笔”类词的衍生和发展  

A Comparison of Lexical Developments Relating to Vehicle(车)and Pen(笔) in Hong Kong(香港) and Shanghai(上海) on the Basis of Big Database

作　　者：邹嘉彦[1] 游汝杰[2] Benjamin K.Tsou;YOU Ru-jie(City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong;Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学,中国香港 [2]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《语言研究》2021年第4期12-25,共14页Studies in Language and Linguistics

摘　　要：近50年来,因社会环境和语言政策不同,港沪两地的语言呈现出不同的发展趋势。本文着重探讨两地语言的四个具体课题:(1)核心词的门槛,(2)文化词汇"车"和"笔"类词,(3)不同地区语言的互懂度,(4)语言和文化对比和对称情况。词汇量与阅读能力息息相关,3000高频词是阅读各华语地区报章70%到80%内容的最低要求,即"门槛"。但若要看懂其他地区报章中同样的内容,需要更多的词汇。本文还比较研究"车"和"笔"两类词从上世纪90年代到本世纪初期十年之间,在港沪两地发展的差别。并进一步探讨两地语言间的可懂度,认为影响可懂度的参数并不是单一的。从此及彼,从彼及此,比较方向不同,结果也不同,并可引发对社会、文化与语言之间互动的更多思考。In the last half-century, differences in societal conditions and language policies, have led Hong Kong and Shanghai towards the development of different linguistic landscapes. This article focuses on four specific issues in languages of the two communities:(1) core vocabulary, and thresholds differences,(2) social and cultural developments underlying growth of artifacts such as: vehicles(车) and Pen(笔),(3) mutual intelligibility of words in the two regions,(4) uniformity in linguistic and culture developments. Vocabulary being closely related to reading ability, about 3000 high-frequency words are found to constitute the threshold requirements for literacy in various Chinese language communities. But comparable literacy requirements to cover non-local communities are shown to require differentially additional vocabulary. This article also compares the lexical developments related to cultural artifacts such as vehicles(车) and Pen(笔) in the two communities. It further explores the mutual intelligibility between the Chinese language of the two communities and explores why there could be symmetry reversal over time.

关 键 词：词汇发展 新词衍生 社会语言学 文化语言学 交通工具 书写工具 核心词 阅读门槛 词频 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]