语用疑问句“X_(类指)+怎么了(啦)”  

On the Interrogative Sentence of "X_(generic reference)+zěnme le/la (怎么了/啦)"

作　　者：殷志平 Yin Zhiping

机构地区：[1]上海殷殷商务咨询有限公司,200030

出　　处：《汉语学报》2021年第4期56-65,共10页Chinese Linguistics

摘　　要："X_(类指)+怎么了(啦)"是由表示类指意义的X做主语/话题、"怎么了(啦)"做谓语/述题的句子,处在前有引发句后、有释义句的语境中。"X_(类指)+怎么了(啦)"是反问句、元语否定句。"X_(类指)+怎么了(啦)"通过否定X_(类指)所指一类人或事物的属性C1对语境中某一主体的适用性,否定引发句对语境中某一主体作出的评价或提出的行为建议;释义句通过激活与C1相对或相反的C2表达与引发句相对或相反的观点和主张。与其他元语否定相比,"X_(类指)+怎么了(啦)"存在一些特殊性。"X_(generic reference)+zěnme le/la(怎么了/啦)"is a sentence in which"X"is the subject/topic and"zěnme le/la(怎么了/啦)"the predicate/comment.The sentence is between a provoking clause and an interpretative clause."X_(generic reference)+zěnme le/la(怎么了/啦)"can be both a rhetorical question and metalinguistic negative sentence.By denying the applicability of the property(C1)referred by X_(generic reference) to a subject in the context,"X_(generic reference)+zěnme le/la(怎么了/啦)"negates the evaluation or proposed behavior to the subject in the context expressed by the preceding provoking clause,while the interpretative clause expresses an idea opposite to the one expressed by the provoking clause by activating another property(C2),which is opposite to C1.Compared with other metalinguistic negations,"X_(generic reference)+zěnme le/la(怎么了/啦)"reveals some peculiarities.

关 键 词：“X_(类指)+怎么了(啦)” 言外之意 反问 元语否定 语用意义 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]