口腔健康教育对聋哑学生口腔健康的干预效果  

Effect of oral health education on oral health of deaf-mute students

作　　者：陈琦雯 施乐 陆佳琪 袁爽 CHEN Qi-wen;SHI Le;LU Jia-qi;YUAN Shuang(Department of Prevention,Shanghai Jing'an Dental Clinic,Shanghai 200070,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市静安区牙病防治所预防科,上海200070

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2021年第11期1065-1069,1079,共6页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题(20174Y0163);2020年静安区卫生系统后备人才培养项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨基于健康信念模型(health belief model,HBM)的口腔健康教育对改善聋哑学生口腔健康状况的效果,为建立适合聋哑学生口腔健康教育措施提供参考依据。【方法】以上海市静安区内2所聋哑学校9~18岁的152名学生为研究对象。对照组学生每6个月进行配合手语演示的口腔健康教育授课,实验组学生进行基于健康信念模型的口腔健康教育。入组时及入组2年后对实验组和对照组的学生进行口腔检查和问卷调查,比较干预效果。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对调查结果进行t检验及χ^(2)检验。【结果】干预前对照组和实验组学生患龋率、软垢检出率、牙石检出率、龋均、软垢指数及牙石指数差异均无统计学意义。干预后实验组学生患龋率47.3%,软垢检出率77.0%,牙石检出率37.8%,均低于对照组的68.5%(P<0.05),91.8%(P<0.05)和58.9%(P<0.05)。干预后实验组学生龋均1.93±2.25,软垢指数0.55±0.45,牙石指数0.37±0.50,均低于对照组的2.82±3.24,1.17±0.47,0.41±0.44,其中软垢指数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】基于健康信念模型对聋哑学生进行口腔健康教育对提高聋哑学生口腔健康具有良好效果。应进一步加强口腔健康教育,同时加强局部涂氟、窝沟封闭、早期龋齿预防性充填等干预措施,从而有效控制聋哑学生龋病的发生和发展。[Objective]This study was to explore the effect of HBM-based education and to help establish the measures on improving oral health status in deaf-dumb students.[Methods]A total of 152 students aged 9-18 from two deaf-mute schools in Jing'an District,Shanghai were selected.The study subjects were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group.Students in the control group received oral health education with sign language every 6 months,and students in the experimental group received oral health education based on HBM.Before and two years after the intervention,data were collected by oral examinations and questionnaires.SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical processing of the data.[Results]Before the intervention,there was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in caries rate,soft scale detection rate,calculus detection rate,caries average,debris index and calculus index.After the intervention,the caries rate(47.3%vs 68.5%),soft scale detection rate(77.0%vs 91.8%),and calculus detection rate(37.8%vs 58.9%)in the experimental group were all significantly(P<0.05)lower than those in the control group.After the intervention,caries average,debris index and calculus index in the experimental group were 1.93±2.25,0.55±0.45,and 0.37±0.50,respectively,while the corresponding values in the control group were 2.82±3.24,1.17±0.47,and 0.41±0.44.The difference in debris index between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Oral health education for deaf-mute students based on Health Belief Model(HBM)shows a good effect on improving the oral health.Further oral health education as well as the implementation of intervention measures such as using local fluoride,pit and fissure sealing,and early dental caries filling,are needed to effectively control the occurrence and development of dental caries in deaf-mute students.

关 键 词：聋哑学生 口腔流行病学调查 患龋率 健康信念模型 

分 类 号：R780.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]