《韩非子》惠民竞技寓言及其蕴含的“民意论”  

The Allegory Concerning Competition for Rulership to Benefit the People in Han Feizi and Its Implied“Popular Opinion Theory”

作　　者：刘亮[1] Liu Liang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期102-110,共9页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(17CZS064);国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA250)。

摘　　要：《韩非子·外储说右上》所载齐景公与宗室权臣展开"惠民"方面竞争的寓言,含有民众通过和平方式选择统治者的设想,亦即有意统治权之人在惠民方面展开竞争,更得民心者获胜。此设想与"汤武革命"等凭暴力行动实现民众意愿的主张,有显著差别。它虽被韩非反对,却为世人提供了一种先秦时代"民意论"思想极为独特的实施途径。《尚书》等早期文献、孔孟等学说所及之民意论观点,或可视作上述设想的基础或渊源。此设想根植于周代传统分封制度、兵民合一的传统军制等,又随着战国秦汉时期社会结构的变革而衰落,几近被遗忘。在这个角度上,包括惠民寓言在内的早期民意论思想并非从一开始就是某种迂阔的空想。Han Feizi Waichushuo Youshang documented the allegory of Qi Jinggong’s competition with clan officials for"benefiting the people", explicating the idea that the people would choose the ruler by peaceful means, that is,those who intend to rule would compete by presenting the benefits to the people, in order to win popularity. This idea differed greatly from the claim that popularity could be achieved by violence in instances such as the"Tang Wu Revolution". Even though Han Fei opposed it, this idea provided an exceptional method to implement the"popular opinion theory"in the pre-Qin dynasties. The above idea may originate from the views about popular opinion theory discussed in the early literatures such as Shang Shu and the dogma by philosophers such as Confucius and Mencius. Such ideas were rooted in the social conditions such as the traditional feudal and soldier-civilian integrated military system in the Zhou Dynasty. However, it declined with the transformations of social structures in the Warring States period, and the Qing and Han dynasties, and was subsequently almost forgotten. In this sense, from the beginning, the early ideas about popular opinion including the allegory about benefitting the people were not a kind of impracticable fantasy.

关 键 词：《韩非子》 惠民 竞技 民意论 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学] I207.7[文学—中国文学] B226.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]