野生和人工栽培蛹虫草的交配型  

Mating Type of Wild and Cultivated Cordyceps militaris

作　　者：张娇娇 刘梦潜 杨涛[1] 甘馨 刘文宇 董彩虹[1] ZHANG Jiaojiao;LIU Mengqian;YANG Tao;GAN Xin;LIU Wenyu;DONG Caihong(State Key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School,Beijing 100195 China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [3]北京市海淀外国语实验学校,北京100195

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2021年第6期38-46,共9页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872163)。

摘　　要：蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)在人工栽培过程中子实体表现出几种明显不同的形态,根据其形态特征可分为棒草、圆头光滑草、小孢子头草和大头草。棒草和圆头光滑草子实体表面光滑,小孢子头草和大头草子实体表面布满刺状突起。经交配型鉴定,棒草和圆头光滑草为单交配型,小孢子头草和大头草为双交配型,表明蛹虫草子实体形态与交配型相关。对双交配型菌株进行子囊孢子和分生孢子单孢分离,得到的单孢菌株栽培后出现结实现象,其子实体表面形成刺状突起,经交配型鉴定发现,其子实体顶端为双交配型,而菌丝和子实体柄部为单交配型。对野生和人工栽培蛹虫草子实体样品顶端和柄部分别进行交配型鉴定,结果显示野生蛹虫草子实体顶端和大多数柄部均为双交配型,少数柄部为单交配型;人工栽培蛹虫草子实体顶端均为双交配型,大部分柄部均为单交配型。Different fruiting body morphologies were observed during artificial cultivation of Cordyceps militaris.According to their mopholgcial characteristics,the fruiting bodies were classified into rodlike,smooth and round head,small head with spores and big head with spores.Fruiting bodies of rodlike and smooth and round head had a smooth surface,and were both identified to be single mating type.On the other hand,fruiting bodies of small head and big head with spores were covered with spiny protrusions on the exterior surface,and were both identified as double mating type.The above results suggested that fruiting body morphology was correlated with mating type.Isolation of conidia and ascospores yielded isolated strains that were cultivatable and later developed into fruiting bodies with spiny protrusions on the surface.Remarkably,the apical segment of these fruiting bodies was identified as double mating type,while their hyphae and stipes were single mating type.Wild C.militaris fruiting bodies were also full of spiny protrusions on the exterior surface,but the majority of them were double mating type at both apical segment and stipe with a few exceptions of single mating type at stipe.For artificially cultivated C.militaris,all the apical segments were double mating type and the majority of the stipes were single mating type.

关 键 词：蛹虫草 子实体形态 交配型 

分 类 号：S567.3[农业科学—中草药栽培]