学龄前儿童静态站姿平衡及其姿势控制策略  

Static balance and control strategy in preschool children

作　　者：黄春香 郝增明[2] 王健[2] HUANG Chunxiang;HAO Zengming;WANG Jian(Physical Education Department of Wuyi University,Wuyishan(354300),Fujian Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]武夷学院体育教学部,福建武夷山354300 [2]浙江大学体育科学与技术研究所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2021年第11期1708-1711,1716,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0300502)。

摘　　要：目的探讨3~6岁学龄前儿童静态站姿平衡能力及其控制策略的增龄性规律和特点,为幼儿体质研究和体育教育实践提供重要参考。方法 2018年1—3月,采用随机抽样方法,选取杭州市幼儿园105名3~6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象,采用2×2×3(本体感觉×视觉×年龄)三因素实验设计方案,分别在4种站姿条件下进行15 s的静态站姿平衡能力测试。依据压力中心(enter of pressure, COP)变化量化考察静态站姿平衡能力,依据COP频域分析和非线性分析量化考察姿势控制策略。结果在睁眼/硬地条件下,3~、4~和5~6岁儿童的AP;V和ML;V分别为18.05,16.00,13.40;13.55,11.03,10.12 mm/s;在闭眼/硬地条件下,3个年龄段儿童的AP;V和ML;V分别为21.01,19.60,15.10;12.20,10.20,10.00 mm/s。随年龄增长,左-右、前-后方向的晃动幅度和平均晃动速度均减小(P值均<0.01)。在睁眼/硬地和闭眼/硬地条件下,左-右方向的高频段和前-后方向的低频段均随年龄增长显著增加(P值均<0.01)。在睁眼/硬地条件下,3个年龄段AP;F和AP;F的值分别是29.00,28.61,27.20;7.45,7.44,6.01,前-后方向的中频段和高频段随年龄增长显著减小(P值均<0.01)。在睁眼/硬地和闭眼/硬地条件下,3~、4~和5~6岁儿童的ML;D分别为1.43,1.44,1.52;1.49,1.48,1.56 mm, AP;D分别为1.58,1.56,1.52;1.63,1.61,1.58,AP;SE分别为6.81,6.90,5.61;7.25,7.41,6.60。左-右方向的分形维数随年龄增长显著增加,而前-后方向的分形维数和多尺度熵显著减小(P值均<0.01)。结论 3~6岁学龄前儿童静态站姿平衡能力随年龄增长呈现非线性变化的特点,5~6岁学龄前儿童比3~5岁的静态站姿平衡能力有显著改善;3~5岁和5~6岁学龄前儿童在静态站姿中的平衡控制策略不同。Objective To explore the age-related increases and characteristics of static stance balance and control strategies of 3-6 years old preschool children, and to provide a reference for the research of children’s physique and the practice of physical education. Methods Using a 2×2×3(proprioceptive×visual×age) three-factor experimental design, standing balance was tested among 105 preschool children aged 3-6 years who were subjected to static for 15 s under four standing postures from January to March 2018. Quantitatively examine the static stance balance ability based on changes in the center of pressure(COP), and quantitatively examine the posture control strategy based on COP frequency domain analysis and nonlinear analysis. Results Among children aged 3-, 4-and 5-6 years old under the condition of open eyes/hard ground AP;MV and ML;MV were 18.05, 16.00, 13.40;13.55, 11.03, 10.12 mm/s respectively;Under the condition of closed eyes/hard ground, children in three age groupsAP;MV and ML;MV were 21.01, 19.60, 15.10;12.20, 10.20, 10.00 mm/s respectively among three age groups of children. The results showed that the sloshing amplitude and average sloshing velocity decrease significantly with age(P<0.01). Under the conditions of open/hard ground and closed/hard ground, the high frequency band in the left-right direction and the low frequency band in the anterior-posterior direction increased significantly with age(P<0.01). Under the condition of open eyes/hard ground, three age groups of AP;MF and AP;HF among three age groups of children were 29.00, 28.61, 27.20;7.45, 7.44 6.01, respectively, indicating that the middle and high frequency bands(P<0.01) in the anterior posterior direction decreased significantly with age. ML;D of children aged 3-, 4-and 5-6 years old under the condition of open eyes/hard ground and closed eyes/hard ground was 1.43, 1.44, 1.52;1.49, 1.48, 1.56/mm, AP;FD was 1.58, 1.56, 1.52;1.56, 1.63, 1.61;AP;SE was 6.81, 6.90,5.61;7.25, 7.41,6.60,respectively. The results show that the fractal dim

关 键 词：生长和发育 线性模型 儿童 学龄前 本体感觉 

分 类 号：G617.8[文化科学—学前教育学] R179[文化科学—教育学]