珍珠龙胆石斑鱼CO_(2)麻醉无水保活效果的因素影响  

Effect of CO_(2) Anesthesia on Water-free Live-transport of the Grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus laceolatus♂)

作　　者：范秀萍 张家胜 郭侨玉 杜欢 秦小明 刘书成 FAN Xiu-ping;ZHANG Jia-sheng;GUO Qiao-yu;DU Huan;QIN Xiao-ming;LIU Shu-cheng(College of Food Science and Technology,Guangdong Ocean University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food,Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory,Zhanjiang 524025,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,水产品深加工广东普通高等学校重点实验室,广东湛江524088 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室,广东湛江524025

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2021年第6期73-81,共9页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2019YFD0901601);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)资助项目(ZJW-2019-06);广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(060302042101);广东海洋大学创新团队项目(CXTD2021006);广东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S201910566059)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究二氧化碳(CO_(2))对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus laceolatus♂)的麻醉效果,并探讨无水保活技术对石斑鱼运输的影响。【方法】以麻醉和复苏时间、无水保活时间和存活率为指标,探讨温度、CO_(2)浓度、麻醉时间、保活温度对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼CO_(2)麻醉后无水保活效果的影响;并对CO_(2)麻醉无水保活过程中的鱼体血清生化、游离氨基酸和基本营养成分进行分析。【结果】珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(503.0±37.0)g在25℃海水中暂养24 h后,逐渐降温至18℃,在含CO_(2)质量浓度125 mg/L(pH 5.8)的海水中麻醉5 min,转移至15℃、充氧保湿的无水条件下保活,11 h后的存活率达到83.3%。低温CO_(2)麻醉与无水保活过程中鱼体代谢发生变化:谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)与尿素氮(BUN)水平均显著上升(P<0.05),有水复苏12 h后能恢复到正常水平;出现典型的“高血糖”症状。珍珠龙胆石斑鱼经低温CO_(2)麻醉、无水保活胁迫后主要表现出能量代谢的应激响应,以无氧呼吸为主,脂肪和糖原为主要能量物质;鲜味与苦味氨基酸含量显著下降(P<0.05),甜味氨基酸质量分数增加43.52%。保活后鱼肉营养品质优于低温休眠有水保活模式。【结论】CO_(2)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼有较好的麻醉作用,CO_(2)麻醉协同低温可用于珍珠龙胆石斑鱼无水保活运输。【Objectives】The anesthesia effect of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))on water-free transport of grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus laceolatus♂).【Methods】The effects of temperature,CO_(2) concentration,anesthesia time and keeping-alive temperature on the water-free live transport alive without water after CO_(2) anesthesia were investigated by the indexes of anesthesia time,recovery time,the live time without water and survival rate of grouper.Fish serum biochemical,free amino acids and basic nutrients during keeping-alive without water after CO_(2) anesthesia were also analyzed.【Results】After the groupers were acclimated in 25℃fresh marine water for 24 h,gradient cooled to 18℃,transferred to 18℃,125 mg/L CO_(2) solution(pH 5.8)for 5 min,then preserved at 15℃without water.The survival rate reached 83.3%after 11 h.The metabolism of grouper changed during low temperature CO_(2) anesthesia and live preservation.Enzyme activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(AST),glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(ALT)and urea nitrogen(BUN)content were increased significantly(P<0.05),then returned to normal level after recovery in fresh seawater.However,the animals showed a typical"hyperglycemia"symptom during anesthesia,low-temperature preservation and recovery.After CO_(2) anesthesia,combined with low-temperature and water-free survival stress,grouper showed the stress response of energy metabolism,mainly anaerobic respiration.Moreover,fats and glycogen were used as the main energy substances.The umami and bitter amino acid contents decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the sweet amino acid content increased by 43.52%.The nutritional quality of fish is better than that by keeping with water after low-temperature hibernation.【Conclusion】CO_(2) has a good anesthetic effect on grouper(E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.laceolatus♂).CO_(2) anesthesia and keeping alive under low-temperature technology,can be used for the water-free transportation of grouper.

关 键 词：CO_(2)麻醉 珍珠龙胆石斑鱼 无水保活 血清生化 代谢 游离氨基酸 

分 类 号：S981.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]