从“自讼”到“自适”——曾国藩的读书功程与诗文声调之学的内化  

From“Self-indictment”to“Self-sublimation”:Zeng Guofan’s Reading Schedule and the Internalization of the Study of Tones in Verse and Prose Chanting

作　　者：陆胤[1] Lu Yin(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期110-121,共12页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“诵读式微与近代中国读书法的变迁研究”(项目编号:17CZW044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚清曾国藩汲取理学家读书功程和修身日谱的经验,有意识地将各种形式的阅读体验塑造为一门修身日课,对近代读书社会产生了深远影响。其日记详记阅读时间、节奏以及看、温、诵、校、批等具体"读法",实为一宗特殊的阅读史材料。按照每日读书时段、书籍类型、阅读方式三个维度,分类统计现存曾氏日记所载6529次读书活动,可以发现"看读""校读"等一次性或研究性阅读与"温读""诵读"等反复进行的出声涵泳显著分化为两极。多层次的读法对应于不同类型的书籍,体现出曾国藩在经世视野下维持学问完整性和各门类平衡的努力。从历时变化看,以把握知识整体为目标的"自讼"功程逐渐让位于追求内在体验的"自适"调剂,诗文声调的意义于兹凸显。作为诵读材料的古文选本兼包"经史百家",诵读声调既安顿了义理、考核、词章、经济在内的知识统一体,又渐有从这个整体中超脱出来的趋势。Absorbing the experiences of Neo-Confucian reading schedules and moral dairies,the brilliant late Qing statesman and military general Zeng Guofan consciously moulded various forms of reading experiences into a daily course of self-cultivation,which had a profound impact on modern Chinese reading society.Zeng Guofan’s Diary recorded in detail his reading duration and pace,as well as his specific"reading methods"such as silence reading,reviewing,reciting,collating and annotating,which serve as a special material for the history of reading.When the categorization of 6,529 reading activities included in Zeng Guofan’s Diary respectively by such three dimensions as their daily reading periods,types of books,and reading methods,we may find the one-time or research reading like silence reading and collating and the repeated chantings like reviewing and reciting were significantly polarized.The correspondence between the multi-level reading methods and various types of books reflects Zeng’s efforts to maintain the integrity of learning,and the balance of various types of learning under the vision of administering state affairs.From the perspective of diachronic changes,the Neo-Confucian"self-indictment"schedule,which aimed at grasping the knowledge as a whole,gradually gave way to the"self-sublimation"regulation,which pursued the inner experiences with the outstanding significance of tones in verse and prose chanting.As reciting materials for ancient verse and prose chanting,the selected texts also included those from classics and history of various schools of thought.Chanting tones settled down the unity of knowledge including moral philosophy,textual scholarship,literary expressing and studies of statecraft,with the gradual tendency to transcend this unity of knowledge.

关 键 词：曾国藩日记 读书功程 读书法 诗文声调之学 

分 类 号：I206.5[文学—中国文学]