营养干预对学生知识行为及超重肥胖的影响  

Effects of nutrition intervention on students’ intellectual behavior, overweight and obesity

作　　者：赵永丽 田美娜[1] 牛蓓[1] 张翠 苗润晓 赵伟 刘长青[1] ZHAO Yong-li;TIAN Mei-na;NIU Bei;ZHANG Cui;MIAO Run-xiao;ZHAO Wei;LIU Chang-qing(Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang,Heibei 050021,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]石家庄市疾控中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第23期4261-4264,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河北省卫生健康委科研基金(20190143)。

摘　　要：目的在"营养校园"试点学校进行为期一年的营养干预,分析评价干预效果。方法在石家庄新华区选取一所小学和一所初中进行干预,从三、五、七年级中分别随机抽取2个班级的学生在干预前后进行调查。干预方法包括开展营养健康教育、促进身体活动、科学营养供餐支持等综合措施,通过问卷和体格测量调查学生干预前后的营养知识、饮食行为及超重肥胖变化情况。结果干预后,营养知识题目的正确率显著提高(x^(2)=613.737,P<0.001),总体正确率为59.8%。学生早餐食物种类(x^(2)=19.841,P<0.001)和早餐摄入频率(x^(2)=5.405,P<0.05)均有显著改善。总体超重肥胖率未见显著改善,按性别、年级分层分析发现,女生超重肥胖率降低(x^(2)=1.891,P<0.05),5年级(x^(2)=4.923,P<0.05)和7年级(x^(2)=10.563,P<0.01)学生超重肥胖率降低,且高年级学生降幅更明显。结论以校园为基础开展综合营养干预措施,可以提高学生的营养知识水平,并改善学生的不良饮食行为及超重肥胖现状。Objective To analyze and evaluate the effect of nutrition intervention carried out in pilot schools of "nutrition school" for one year. Methods One middle school and one primary school in Xinhua district, Shijiazhuang city were selected as pilot schools for comprehensive nutrition intervention. Two classes of students in grade 3, 5 and 7 were randomly selected for investigation. The intervention methods included comprehensive measures such as nutrition and health education, physical activity promotion and scientific nutrition feeding support. The changes of nutritional knowledge, eating behavior and overweight and obesity of students before and after intervention were investigated. Results After intervention, the correct rate of nutrition knowledge questions was significantly increased(x^(2)=613.737, P<0.001), whose total correct rate was 59.8%. Food species(x^(2)=19.841, P<0.001) and the frequency of breakfast per week were significantly improved(x^(2)=5.405, P<0.05). There was no significant improvement in overall overweight and obesity. The results of stratified analysis showed the rates of overweight and obesity of girls(x^(2)=1.891, P<0.05), 5 grade students(x^(2)=4.923, P<0.05) and 7(x^(2)=10.563, P<0.01) grade students decreased, which was more significant to senior students. Conclusion The comprehensive nutrition intervention measures based on schools can effectively improve students’ nutrition knowledge level and enhance students’ unhealthy eating behaviors as well as overweight-obesity situation.

关 键 词：中小学生 营养干预 营养知识 饮食行为 超重肥胖 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]