海洋定位卫星性能分析  

Performance Analysis of Marine Positioning Satellites

作　　者：孙鸿强 张占月 赵焕洲 胡国林[1] 张辉 张宽[1] 谢圆[1] 卢皓 SUN Hongqiang;ZHANG Zhanyue;ZHAO Huanzhou;HU Guolin;ZHANG Hui;ZHANG Kuan;XIE Yuan;LU Hao(Beijing Aerospace Control Center,Beijing 100094,China;Space Engineering University,Beijing 101406,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航天飞行控制中心,北京100094 [2]航天工程大学,北京101416

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2021年第6期111-117,共7页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

摘　　要：编队卫星是重要的空间设施,为保证编队卫星在空间复杂环境中的工作效率,需对编队卫星的工作原理、状态进行分析。以三星编队的海洋定位卫星为例,由于该编队卫星工作状态常受到星间基线、目标源位置、卫星高度等多种因素的制约,易造成定位模糊等问题。在评价海洋定位卫星性能方面,传统的方法主要着眼于定位精度,而忽略了定位迭代解算时间这一指标,而在特定的场景下(海上搜救、抢险救灾),较短的解算时间可以迅速找出目标源的概略位置。通过分析海洋定位卫星的时差测量定位原理,对定位误差精度进行了分析,提出水平精度因子(HDOP)和最小二乘迭代结合的评价方法,分析了影响卫星性能的因素,包括目标源相对几何位置、卫星高度及卫星几何构型等方面的影响。仿真结果表明:本文的设计可以提高卫星的定位效果,为定位卫星的参数设定提供参考。Formation satellites are important space facilities.In order to ensure the working efficiency of formation satellites in complex space environment,it is necessary to analyze the working principle and status of formation satellites.Take the marine positioning satellite of three-satellite formation as an example.The working status of the satellites in the formation is often restricted by the factors such as the satellite baseline,the target source position,and the satellite height,which easily results in problems such as fuzzy positioning.In evaluating the performance of marine positioning satellites,the traditional methods mainly focus on the positioning accuracy,but ignore the index of iterative calculation time for positioning.In specific scenarios,e.g.,maritime search and rescue and emergency relief,shorter calculation time is helpful to quickly find out the approximate location of the target source.In this paper,the positioning error accuracy is analyzed based on the time difference measurement and positioning principle of marine positioning satellites,and an evaluation method combining the horizontal dilution of precision(HDOP)and least square iteration is put forward.With the proposed method,the effects of factors such as the relative geometry position of the target source,the satellite altitude,and the satellite geometry configuration on the satellite performance are analyzed.The simulation results show that the design of this paper can improve the positioning effect of the satellite,and provide a reference for the parameter setting of the positioning satellite.

关 键 词：三星定位 定位误差 构型设计 水平精度因子 

分 类 号：V57[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]