生物滴滤池的微生物多样性分析及VOC降解菌的筛选  

Microbial Diversity Analysis of Biotrickling Filter and Screening of VOC Degrading Bacteria

作　　者：李理[1,2] 陈才 金泽坤 王友本 LI Li;CHEN Cai;JIN Zekun;WANG Youben(College of Food Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute,Guangzhou 510700,Guangdong,China;Guangzhou Yachuang Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou 511458,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州510640 [2]中新国际联合研究院,广东广州510700 [3]广州雅创环保科技有限公司,广东广州511458

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第11期57-68,共12页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B020209001)。

摘　　要：生物滴滤池的生物活性决定着一个生物处理厂有机废气处理系统的处理能力,而影响活性的最重要因素就是其中的微生物菌群。为了解生物滴滤池中微生物群落结构、多样性及相对丰度,利用宏基因组技术,对挥发性有机物处理系统中生物滴滤池的填料固形物的微生物多样性进行分析。结果显示,生物滴滤池活性污泥中,细菌、真核生物、古菌、病毒的相对丰度分别为89.34%、1.99%、1.06%、0.03%,共检测出微生物75门、195纲、395目、752科、1798属。其中,细菌主要分布为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)。此外,利用唯一碳源培养基从中筛选出18株甲苯降解菌、21株二甲苯降解菌和15株乙酸丁酯降解菌,经鉴定主要为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)。其中,二甲苯降解菌CX20在48 h内对100 mg/L甲苯、对二甲苯和间二甲苯的降解率分别为99.98%、99.89%和88.34%;乙酸丁酯降解菌CBA12能在48 h内完全降解100 mg/L的乙酸丁酯,分离菌种展现出良好的VOC分解能力,在废气的治理领域有广泛的应用前景。The biological activity of a biotrickling filter determines the capability of a biological treatment plant in treating organic waste gas,and the most important factor affecting the bioactivity of activated sludge is the microbial community.In order to understand the microbial community structure,diversity and abundance in a biotrickling filter,metagenomic technology was used to analyze the microbial diversity of filler solids in the biofilter of volatile organic compound treatment system.The results show that the relative abundance of bacteria,eukaryotes,archaea,viruses in biotrickling filter are 89.34%,1.99%,1.06%and 0.03%respectively,and the microbes are assigned to 75 phylums,195 classes,395 orders,752 families and 1798 genera.Bacteria in activated sludge are mainly Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes and Chloroflexi.In addition,18 toluene degrading bacteria strains,21 xylene degrading bacteria strains and 15 butyl acetate degrading bacteria strains were screened from the activated sludge using the only carbon source medium,which were mainly identified as Acinetobacter sp.and Pseudomonas sp..The degradation rates of 100 mg/L toluene,p-xylene and m-xylene are 99.98%,99.89%and 88.34%within 48 h by the degrading strain CX20.The butyl acetate degrading strain CBA12 can completely degrade 100 mg/L of butyl acetate within 48 h.The isolated strains show good VOC degradation ability and have a wide application prospect in the field of waste gas treatment.

关 键 词：生物滴滤池 活性污泥 微生物多样性 宏基因组技术 微生物菌群 VOC降解菌 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]